浅谈文艺复兴时期女性的逐步觉醒

本文讨论了文艺复兴时期各阶层妇女如何开始思考自身处境地位，发掘女性自身价值，公开反对神权、男权压迫，参与社会事务以及她们在此过程中的一系列思想变化。旨在为社会转型时期的女性提供一些借鉴启示，使他们能更好地顺应历史潮流，抓住机遇，与男性共创平等和谐的两性关系以促进全人类的文明进步。     

Android arete: Toward a virtue ethic for computational agents

Traditional approaches to computer ethics regard computers as tools, andfocus, therefore, on the ethics of their use. Alternatively, computer ethicsmight instead be understood as a study of the ethics of computationalagents, exploring, for example, the different characteristics and behaviorsthat might benefit such an agent in accomplishing its goals. In this paper,I identify a list of characteristics of computational agents that facilitatetheir pursuit of their end, and claim that these characteristics can beunderstood as virtues within a framework of virtue ethics. This frameworkincludes four broad categories – agentive, social, environmental, and moral– each of which can be understood as a spectrum of virtues rangingbetween two extreme subcategories. Although the use of a virtue frameworkis metaphorical rather than literal, I argue that by providing a frameworkfor identifying and critiquing assumptions about what a `good' computer is,a study of android arete provides focus and direction to the developmentof future computational agents.     

Does gender matter in computer ethics?

Computer ethics is a relatively young discipline,hence it needs time both for reflection and forexploring alternative ethical standpoints in buildingup its own theoretical framework. Feminist ethics isoffered as one such alternative particularly to informissues of equality and power. We argue that feministethics is not narrowly confined to women's issues but is an approach with wider egalitarianapplications. The rise of feminist ethics in relationto feminist theory in general is described and withinthat the work of Gilligan and others on an ethic of care. We argue for the need to connect theory toempirical evidence. Empirical studies of gender andbusiness and computer ethics are reviewed. We noteconcerns with surveying a student audience, the issueof how far questionnaires and interviews can get tothe heart of ethical beliefs and problems ofperforming statistical analyses of quantitative data.Although we recognize them, our own small surveycannot avoid all these problems. Nevertheless byrefining our scenarios we are able to offer analternative reading of a hacking problem in terms ofan ethic of care thereby pointing a way forward forfuture research in computer ethics inspired byfeminist theory.     

图书馆伦理价值研究

图书馆伦理价值是图书馆在文献信息服务活动中所形成的具有共识性的价值观和伦理意识、伦理价值目标和伦理理想，它是图书馆员职业行为的原则立场和根本态度。它包括公正服务、敬业、忠于职守和职业人格等基本要素。图书馆伦理价值取向可分多种层次，并受到社会环境与个体品质等多方面因素影响。     

Maintaining the reversibility of foldings: Making the ethics (politics) of information technology visible

This paper will address the question of the morality of technology. I believe this is an important question for our contemporary society in which technology, especially information technology, is increasingly becoming the default mode of social ordering. I want to suggest that the conventional manner of conceptualising the morality of technology is inadequate – even dangerous. The conventional view of technology is that technology represents technical means to achieve social ends. Thus, the moral problem of technology, from this perspective, is the way in which the given technical means are applied to particular (good or bad) social ends. In opposition to this I want to suggest that the assumed separation, of this approach, between technical means and social ends are inappropriate. It only serves to hide the most important political and ethical dimensions of technology. I want to suggest that the morality of technology is much more embedded and implicit than such a view would suggest. In order to critique this approach I will draw on phenomenology and the more recent work of Bruno Latour. With these intellectual resources in mind I will propose disclosive ethics as a way to make the morality of technology visible. I will give a brief account of this approach and show how it might guide our␣understanding of the ethics and politics of technology by considering two examples of contemporary information technology: search engines and plagiarism detection systems.     

心安国安 心治国治——把握时代心理脉搏 提升国家凝聚力

心安是国安也,心治是国治也。把握社会大变迁背景下中国人的心理变化特点,增强国家认同,打牢提升国家凝聚力的心理基础,对于维护国家团结与稳定以及促进社会持续、健康、和谐发展具有非常重要的作用。文章首先简要论述国家凝聚力及其核心成分国家认同的含义,以及国家认同在国家治理中的重要性;然后扼要介绍了几十年来中国经济发展和社会变迁带来的中国人的主要心理变化;最后,展望如何立足于中国人当下主要心理特点及其未来发展趋势,增强国家认同,提升国家凝聚力。     

汽轮机调节系统工作不稳定分析

调节系统的不稳定影响汽轮机的生产稳定性，同时给机组的安全运行也带来了不利因素。针对汽轮机调节系统工作不稳定的情况，对其进行了理论的分析，总结归纳了影响汽轮机调节系统工作稳定的各种原因，及其处理措施。     

学术论文和著作的引用许可申请

引用许可的引入和推广对我国出版业的版权保护和期刊的健康发展具有重要的现实意义。基于文献调研和网站调研的分析结果表明,国内期刊尚未普遍引入和形成引用许可申请准则,对版权保护不够重视;而国外期刊的引用许可申请较为完善和规范,可适用于不同场景下的引用许可要求。对国内期刊而言,为建设世界一流期刊,各专业领域期刊需加强版权保护意识,率先形成本领域内的引用许可共识;并结合自身发展和国际成熟经验,推广切实可行的引用许可准则,有助于加快学术出版、促进学术交流、规范学术道德,提升国际影响力。     

公众对科技伦理相关事件的理解与讨论——基于中外比较的事例研究

科技的飞速发展对人类社会和环境产生深远影响,科技与伦理之间的张力也愈发受到关注。科技伦理事件时有发生,相关议题引发热议。在我国,科技伦理事件的参与者主要是科技、科普领域相关专业人员。对比中外科技伦理事件中公众的理解与参与程度,可知我国公众对科技伦理事件的理解与参与仍需加强,可从伦理意识的提升和面向大众传播科学两个方面加以改善。     

The lamaze certified childbirth educator: standards of practice

A student in a Lamaze Childbirth Educator Program expresses concern that some Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educators (LCCE educators) do not teach classes that reflect Lamaze standards. In this column, the ethical and professional standards of the LCCE educator and the challenges the childbirth educator experiences while practicing in the current maternity-care environment are presented and discussed. Lamaze International's Code of Ethics for Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educators provides guidance when dealing with these challenges.