对研究生运动处方教学模式的探讨

运动处方教学是目前教育界讨论的热点话题，对于高校研究生应该怎样进行体育教学和采取什么样的方式教学，各院校意见不一。运用文献资料法，从运动处方概念和运动处方教学观点出发，结合研究生自身特点，提出在研究生中开展运动处方教学的理念，并设计出了相应的处方教学模式，旨在为研究生体育教学的开展提供理论参考。     

专项功率评价与赛艇水陆训练强度统一的研究

分析了国际上和中国赛艇队对功率评价与赛艇水陆训练强度控制问题的有关研究，对于如何把赛艇陆上测试的功与功率与水上的运动强度统一起来，如何运用功和功率在水陆训练整体评价运动员体能的方法进行了分析；对如何建立起赛艇水陆训练强度测评统一、完整的国家标准和体系进行了探讨。通过水上测试与陆上测功仪的功率数据的合理对应，能准确发现各种技能的细节问题，结合生化指标测试，就可能迅速建立起赛艇水陆训练强度测评统一、完整、先进的国家标准和体系，对2008年奥运会中国体能项目的全面突破和“119工程”的完成有实质的意义。     

行为转变理论模式在社区居民体育健身锻炼行为干预中的运用

调查沈阳市铁西区和淄博市张店区社区居民体育健身锻炼行为现况,采用行为转变理论模式对居民健身锻炼实施不同的干预措施。结果发现,社区居民在体育健身锻炼行为各阶段的情况是:打算转变前阶段的居民占45.03%,打算转变阶段占13.91%,准备行动阶段占13.41%,行动阶段占16.05%,巩固阶段占12.58%。干预前后社区居民对体育健身锻炼重要性的认识、保持锻炼的信念和参与体育健身锻炼的百分率均有较大的提高,居民参与锻炼的人数也有增加,干预组与对照组之间的差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。     

世界优秀短跑与跨栏运动员年度及小周期训练负荷控制特征的研究

运用文献资料、特征解析和数理统计等研究方法，对短跑与跨栏运动员的年度及小周期训练负荷控制特征进行研究。结果表明：在年度不同中周期训练过程中，准备期的速度力量训练负荷量约占年度速度力量训练总负荷量的41％-42％，赛前准备期的速度力量训练负荷量约占全年速度力量训练总负荷量的43％-44％，比赛期的速度力量训练负荷量约占全年速度力量训练总负荷量的6％-7％；而小周期运动负荷的控制特征，则表现为准备期中各小周期的训练内容是以改进技术动作作为提高竞技能力的核心，并以提高最大速度和速度耐力作为身体素质训练的主要内容，但最大力量、速度力量和有氧耐力训练仍是其重要内容之一。     

《全国健美操大众锻炼标准》第二套和第三套运动强度对比研究

采用问卷调查、实验研究和数理统计等方法,对中国健美操协会于2005年和2009年分别推出的第二套和第三套《全国健美操大众锻炼标准》中的成人组1～5级有氧操部分的运动强度及规律进行研究。结果表明,第二套和第三套《全国健美操大众锻炼标准》成人1～5级有氧操部分运动中的强度变化呈渐增型趋势,两套《全国健美操大众锻炼标准》1～4级动作心率都在健身负荷的心率有效价值区间(60%MHR～80%MHR),符合全民健身的HR锻炼标准,两套《全国健美操大众锻炼标准》1～5级同级别之间运动强度不存在显著性差异,主观感觉方面第三套《全国健美操大众锻炼标准》总体优于第二套,为更好、更安全地推广大众健美操奠定了一定的基础,也拓宽了健美操等级套路的选择范围。     

论运动训练学的逻辑起点与理论体系

随着相关学科的不断发展,运动训练学的内容日趋完善并在实践中起到越来越重要的作用。通过文献收集与分析、逻辑推理等方法,提出运动训练学的逻辑起点是身体训练,而当前的理论体系尚不完善,仍需不断改进。     

Cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses of two interval training and a continuous training protocol in healthy young men

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) can be performed with different effort to rest time-configurations, and this can largely influence training responses. The purpose of the study was to compare the acute physiological responses of two HIIT and one moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) protocol in young men. A randomised cross-over study with 10 men [age, 28.3?±?5.5years; weight, 77.3?±?9.3?kg; height, 1.8?±?0.1?m; peak oxygen consumption (VO₂peak), 44?±?11?mL.kg^?1.min^?1]. Participants performed a cardiorespiratory test on a treadmill to assess VO₂peak, velocity associated with VO₂peak (vVO₂peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak) and perceived exertion (RPE). Then participants performed three protocols equated by distance: Short HIIT (29 bouts of 30s at vVO₂peak, interspersed by 30s of passive recovery, 29?min in total), Long HIIT (3 bouts of 4?min at 90% of vVO₂peak, interspersed by 3?min of recovery at 60% of vVO₂peak, 21?min in total) and MICT (21?min at 70% of vVO₂peak). The protocols were performed in a randomised order with ≥48 h between them. VO₂, HRpeak and RPE were compared. VO₂peak in Long HIIT was significantly higher than Short HIIT and MICT (43?±?11 vs 32?±?8 and 37?±?8?mL.kg^?1.min^?1, respectively, P?P?P?2, HR and RPE than Short HIIT and MICT, suggesting a higher demand on the cardiorespiratory system. Short HIIT and MICT presented similar physiologic and perceptual responses, despite Short HIIT being performed at higher velocities.     

3-min all-out effort on cycle ergometer is valid to estimate the anaerobic capacity by measurement of blood lactate and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a single 3-min all-out maximal effort to estimate anaerobic capacity (AC) through the lactate and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) response methods (AC_{[La^?]+EPOCfast}) on a cycle ergometer. Eleven physically active men (age?=?28.1?±?4.0?yrs, height?=?175.1?±?4.2?cm, body mass?=?74.8?±?11.9?kg and ?O_2max?=?40.7?±?7.3?mL?kg^?1?min^?1), participated in the study and performed: i) five submaximal efforts, ii) a supramaximal effort at 115% of intensity of ?O_2max, and iii) a 3-min all-out maximal effort. Anaerobic capacity was estimated using the supramaximal effort through conventional maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) and also through the sum of oxygen equivalents from the glycolytic (fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption) and phosphagen pathways (blood lactate accumulation) (AC_{[La^?]+EPOCfast}), while during the 3-min all-out maximal effort the anaerobic capacity was estimated using the AC_{[La^?]+EPOCfast} procedure. There were no significant differences between the three methods (p?>?0.05). Additionally, the anaerobic capacity estimated during the 3-min all-out effort was significantly correlated with the MAOD (r?=?0.74; p?=?0.009) and AC_{[La^?]+EPOCfast} methods (r?=?0.65; p?=?0.029). Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the 3-min all-out effort is valid to estimate anaerobic capacity in physically active men during a single cycle ergometer effort.     

Virtual-reality exergaming improves performance during high-intensity interval training

Purpose: To determine if: (i) mean power output and enjoyment of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are enhanced by virtual-reality (VR)-exergaming (track mode) compared to standard ergometry (blank mode), (ii) if mean power output of HIIT can be increased by allowing participants to race against their own performance (ghost mode) or by increasing the resistance (hard mode), without compromising exercise enjoyment.

Methods: Sixteen participants (8 males, 8 females, VO₂max: 41.2?±?10.8 ml^?1·kg^?1·min^?1) completed four VR-HIIT conditions in a partially-randomised cross-over study; (1a) blank, (1b) track, (2a) ghost, and (2b) hard. VR-HIIT sessions consisted of eight 60 s high-intensity intervals at a resistance equivalent to 70% (77% for hard) maximum power output (P_MAX), interspersed by 60 s recovery intervals at 12.5% P_MAX, at a self-selected cadence. Expired gases were collected and VO₂ measured continuously. Post-exercise questionnaires were administered to identify differences in indices related to intrinsic motivation, subjective vitality, and future exercise intentions.

Results: Enjoyment was higher for track vs. blank (difference: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.3) with no other differences between conditions. There was no difference in mean power output for track vs. blank, however it was higher for track vs. ghost (difference: 5 Watts; CI: 3, 7), and hard vs. ghost (difference: 19 Watts; 95% CI: 15, 23).

Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that VR-exergaming is an effective intervention to increase enjoyment during a single bout of HIIT in untrained individuals. The presence of a ghost may be an effective method to increase exercise intensity of VR-HIIT.     

Extended Validation of the Korean Version of the Quality of Life Survey

In this study, we examined the factor structure and reliability of the Korean Quality of Life (KQoL) survey and compared the KQoL survey to both the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). We also assessed associations between KQoL scores and physical activity (PA) participation. Participants were 557 (male = 281, female = 276) healthy Korean adults with ages between 18 and 71 years (M = 33.2, SD = 14.2). Results of confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the 7-subscale model and indicated acceptable values supporting convergent validity (χ² = 1,678.758, df = 443, p < .001, RMSR = .045, RMSEA = .071, TLI = .880, CFI = .892). Correlations of KQoL subscales with similar subscales of WHOQOL-BREF and with SWLS supported concurrent validity. Results confirm that the KQoL survey can assess multidimensional aspects of quality of life (QoL), including spiritual, physical, social, and psychological. KQoL scores were positively related to PA participation, in line with previous research supporting the positive association of PA with QoL.