Votary,Vixen and Vulgarian: German governesses and English Domesticity in Novels by Charlotte Yonge,Charlotte Brontë and Mary Braddon

ABSTRACT

Among the most amusing vignettes in Victorian novels are German governesses created by Charlotte Yonge, Charlotte Brontë and Mary Braddon. Fräulein Ohnglaube is a votary who believes in ghosts. Fräulein Müller is a vixen with a secret ambition, and Fräulein Braun is a vulgarian who scoffs two breakfasts of beef and beer. All are depicted as potential threats to the values and norms of the English ‘cult’ of domesticity.This paper argues that these authors wished to preserve and celebrate ‘pure‘ English domesticity . Their negative representations of German governesses reveal how thoroughly English and anti-cosmopolitan were their conceptualisations of domestic life.     

先锋小说中的神秘文化

先锋小说的非理性特征,很明显受中国传统非理性文化的影响。马原的叙述圈套与其神秘叙述密不可分;残雪完美地融合了楚巫文化与荒诞哲学;格非从中国的谶纬文化汲取营养,融造了一座叙述迷宫。先锋作家们纷纷从前现代的神秘文化中汲取养分,这一方面使后现代主义文本本土化,另一方面,在一个现实问题丛生的现代社会,如此大量的运用前现代的非理性文化,则也具有了逃避现实的嫌疑。     

史传论赞流变与通俗小说篇尾诗的生成

史传论赞的文体类型与出现位置等都有其自身的发展规律,如偶尔为之到不规则使用、再到形成定式是其大致方向。通过梳理史传论赞的文体特征、功能及其弊端的流变过程,并将通俗小说篇尾诗的性质特征与之比较,发现通俗小说篇尾诗在其形态特征、功能作用,甚至弊端上都与之极为相似。这些共同的文学功能特征、相似的书法、共同的撰述方法使二者有相当程度的融合点。正因为如此,史传论赞在功能上对通俗小说篇尾诗的形成有启示作用:总结、评议与指示道德价值;在形式上有示范作用:"前导语+韵文"。这正是通俗小说"有诗为证"传统生成的史学背景之一。     

重读经典:萨特的《墙》在中国

《墙》是萨特的成名之作,也是受到我国文学界最早关注的萨特的一部文学作品。在我国学术刊物上见到的关于《墙》的评论文章约20篇,这些文章基本上是采用从作品到作者的文学批评方法,即通过对文学作品的分析,来推测作者的创作意图。不过,它们在推测萨特创作《墙》的意图时,却又得出了两种不同的结论。一种认为,《墙》是萨特创作的一部反抗西班牙法西斯政权的写实之作;另一种则认为,《墙》是一部萨特用来阐述他的存在主义理论的哲理小说。而且在如何理解"墙"的象征意蕴上,它们的解释仍然存在着很大的差异。     

从后现代主义视域下赏析《看不见的人》

小说家拉尔夫.埃利森的代表作《看不见的人》,虽然不是创作于后现代主义小说高潮时期,但小说明显地带有很多后现代主义的写作特征。从后现代主义的角度对《看不见的人》进行分析,可以看出作者要反映的社会现象,以及当时人们对待生活的态度,揭示了人们在迷茫的世界中,积极寻找内心追求的渴望。     

论杜甫楼阁诗的高楼意象

杜甫在楼阁诗中，采用虚实结合、情景相融的手法，塑造了孤高偏寒、超脱飞扬和高边清新的三种高楼意象，表达了诗人对宇宙人生的普泛关怀，对尘世苦难的精神超越。     

Learning to be critically reflective: exploring fiction writing and adult learning

Many educators in adult, community and higher education contexts are concerned with fostering reflective learning amongst their students. This paper explores the concept of critical reflection and considers how engaging with fiction may be an innovative pedagogical approach to support critical learning opportunities. Drawing upon interviews with fiction writers, ways in which critical reflection may be encouraged in connection to reading and writing fiction are taken up by exploring three different thematic areas that relate to a Habermasian framework of knowledge constitutive approaches to learning. These different areas can be categorised as (a) technical-rational, (b) humanistic and (c) critical or emancipatory. The first of these considers critical reflection as a way to develop technical capacities as a creative writer. The next section takes up a humanistic framework to explore the value of individual and collective learning opportunities to enhance personal growth and critical reflection. The third area of discussion considers a deeper critical or emancipatory framework of learning through critical reflection which may lead to social change. The paper concludes by considering the value of arts-informed adult education approaches, such as those related to fiction writing, to enhance the development of critical reflection amongst adult learners.     

开拓者的形象与足迹--新疆兵团中短篇小说创作纵论

文章论述了兵团中短篇小说的发展历程."文革"前的作品文献价值大于艺术价值.进入新时期以后,恢复了新文学现实主义的优良传统,小说的描写领域呈现不断拓展的态势,力求塑造出丰满的、具有立体感的人物形象.     

浅谈约翰·福尔斯的《幻想》：一部奇特的玄学侦探小说

约翰·福尔斯的最后一部小说《幻想》自从问世以来一直被评论界和读者所忽略。事实上,这部小说是一部奇特的玄学侦探小说。它具有玄学侦探小说的基本特征,既是悬而未决的迷案小说又是自反小说,从内容和形式上均反映出作者的“失踪”创作理论。     

Joining the goblins: fictional narratives and the development of student‐teachers’ reflection on practice in the further education sector

This paper explores ways in which student‐teachers in the Lifelong Learning sector are able to draw on fictionalised accounts of their own teaching practice experiences in order to gain a clearer understanding of their models and expectations of professionalism, and of how they, as individuals, locate their current position within the profession as a community of practice. It argues that the translation of experience into fiction – in this case specifically in the form of fairy tales – can be usefully applied in order to enhance and encourage reflection on practice as part of an action research cycle. Drawing on the evidence gathered, the paper goes on to suggest that student teachers’ main preoccupation at this stage of their development is not so much with meeting ‘standards’ of professionalism as with questions of behaviours and practices that will lead to a sense of belonging and acceptance; and with the need to transform their status, in relation to the profession, from that of outsider to insider.