全民健身背景下终身体育运动方式特征、理念及基本结构刍议

本文运用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查等方法,结合具体事例,对当今"终身体育"观念存在的不同观点与运动方式进行了重新审视,研究认为:"终身体育"运动方式具有显著的多样性、互补性、差异性和目标一致性特征,同时构建出"终身体育"的基本结构模式,对当前全民健身运动中"终身体育"的开展具有一定的借鉴与指导意义。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间在线健身服务用户持续使用意愿的影响因素研究

新冠肺炎疫情期间,在线健身服务作为“智慧抗疫”的重要组成部分受到了业界和学界的广泛关注。为了进一步探究在线健身服务持续使用意愿的影响因素,该文对技术接受模型(TAM)和任务—技术匹配模型(TTF)进行了整合,通过网络调查和数理统计等研究方法对用户持续使用在线健身服务的影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明:(1)影响用户持续使用意愿的内外部因素主要包括感知有用性、感知易用性、感知趣味性、任务特征、技术特征和任务—技术匹配度6项;(2)感知有用性、感知易用性、感知趣味性以及任务—技术匹配度对用户持续使用意愿均有显著正向影响;(3)任务特征和技术特征显著正向影响任务—技术匹配度,感知易用性则显著正向影响感知有用性,而感知易用性则不显著正向影响感知趣味性。基于以上分析提出了增加用户持续使用意愿的相关建议。     

困境与应对:聚焦新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对体育事业的影响

2019-2020年之交,我国暴发新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(下文简称“新冠肺炎疫情”)。新冠肺炎疫情给国家各项事业的正常运行带来了严峻挑战,为打赢这场新冠肺炎疫情攻坚战,全国科技工作者纷纷从各自不同的领域为疫情防控贡献着自己的力量。体育事业作为国民事业的重要组成部分,如何积极应对新冠肺炎疫情给各项体育事业带来的冲击,深刻思考新冠肺炎疫情背景下各项体育事业的发展路径,是体育事业健康发展的必然诉求,也是体育科技工作的应然使命。学者当以天下苍生为己任,为国家出谋,为社会担当,为人民谋福。体育学术期刊亦须做好学术担当,肩负起应有的使命与责任,传播体育科技工作者针对此次疫情所开展的社会服务和智慧贡献,探究体育事业逆疫发展之道。为此,《体育学研究》编辑部从开展征稿活动的50余篇来稿中,聚焦群众体育、竞技体育和体育产业等领域,对钟秉枢、黄志剑、王凯、车冰清、宋昱等体育专家及青年学者的观点和思考进行集成,形成了《困境与应对:聚焦新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对体育事业的影响》一文。以期为疫情的科学防控和推动体育事业健康发展提供理论和实践参考。     

Aerobic fitness and physical activity are inversely associated with body fat,dyslipidemia and inflammatory mediators in children and adolescents living with HIV

This study aimed to investigate if moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and aerobic fitness are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in HIV+ children and adolescents. Sixty-five children and adolescents (8 to 15 years) provided minutes of MVPA measured by accelerometers and peak oxygen uptake (peak VO₂) by breath-by-breath respiratory exchange. Cardiovascular risk factors were characterized by body fat, blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and carotid intima-media thickness. Results indicated that higher MVPA was associated with lower values of total (β = ?3.566) and trunk body fat (β = ?3.495), total cholesterol (β = ?0.112) and LDL-c (β = ?0.830). Likewise, higher peak VO₂ was associated with lower total (β = ?0.629) and trunk body fat values (β = ?0.592) and levels of CRP (β = ?0.059). The physically active participants had lower total cholesterol (?24.4 mg.dL^?1) and LDL-c (?20.1 mg.dL^?1) compared to participants judged to be insufficiently active. Moreover, participants with satisfactory peak VO? showed lower total (?4.1%) and trunk (?4.3%) body fat, CRP (?2.3 mg.L^?1), IL-6 (?2.4 pg.mL^?1) and TNF-α (?1.0 pg.mL^?1) compared to low peak VO₂ peers. High levels of MVPA and aerobic fitness may prevent developing of cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents HIV+.     

Effects of Different Chair-Based Exercises on Salivary Biomarkers and Functional Autonomy in Institutionalized Older Women

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the effects of chair-based exercise programs on salivary stress hormones, physical fitness, and functional autonomy of institutionalized older women. Method: In total, 47 participants (80 ± 8.04 years old) were recruited and allocated into three groups: chair-based aerobic exercises (CAE, n = 19), chair-based elastic-band strength exercises (CSE, n = 15), and a control group (CG, n = 13). A 14-week exercise intervention was done for the CAE and CSE groups, two times per week, in no consecutive days. Members of the CG did not participate in any type of exercise but kept their regular lifestyle. Fear of falling, autonomy, physical fitness, salivary cortisol, and alpha-amylase levels were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: The CAE group improved upper and lower body strength, agility–dynamic balance, and autonomy, with fear of falling decreasing significantly (p < .05, moderate effect size). Both exercise groups showed a trend toward an increase in salivary alpha-amylase levels (CAE = 43%, d = .31, and CSE = 44%, d = .41). Conclusion: Both exercise programs were able to improve functional autonomy, even in elders older than 80 years of age. It might be interesting to investigate the effectiveness of combining both aerobic and strength exercises in a unique protocol. The modulation effect of exercise in the hormonal responses needs to be further explored.     

全民健身品牌赛事长效化发展的志愿服务体系研究*

全民健身运动是群众性的社会体育活动,是我国体育事业的重要组成部分,也是提高全民身体和心理素质的重要举措和途径。全民健身运动需要志愿服务的友爱、互助与支持,只有通过志愿服务者的无私奉献才能促进我国全民健身运动及有关赛事的长效发展,以打造出具有带动性和号召力的品牌赛事。由于我国的民众体育活动开展较晚,相应的志愿服务文化与价值观尚未形成,有关志愿服务的制度机制与组织体系并不完善。这就要求必须提高全民健身志愿服务的意识,完善有关制度机制与体系模式使我国全民健身志愿服务体系得到完善,使之走上长效化发展之路。     

女性私人健身教练从业限制因素模型构建与分析

运用文献资料法、调查法和逻辑分析法,对女性私人健身教练从业限制因素进行研究。利用访谈和问卷调查获得的数据,构建了女性私教从业限制因素的结构模型,并采用验证性因素分析对模型进行检验。结果显示：限制女性私教从业的因素主要包括个人限制因素、人际限制因素和企业限制因素,构建的三因素结构模型各项指标拟合度良好,结构稳定,可以为促进女性私人健身教练从业提供参考。进而从三个因素的角度,提出促进女性私教从业的建议,包括女性私教合理规划个人职业生涯,坚定从业信念;家人、同伴转变观念,提升女性私教的社会支持;健身企业切实履行对员工的社会责任,增强女性私教的工作满意度和企业认同感。     

Temporal trends in 6-minute walking distance for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017

BackgroundThe 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) is an excellent measure of both functional endurance and health. The primary aim of this study was to estimate temporal trends in 6MWD for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017; the secondary aim was to estimate concurrent trends in body size (i.e., height and mass) and self-reported participation in exercise/sport.MethodsAdults aged 65–79 years were included. Annual nationally representative 6MWD data (n = 103,505) for the entire period were obtained from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Temporal trends in means (and relative frequencies) were estimated at the gender–age level by best-fitting sample-weighted linear/polynomial regression models, with national trends estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. Temporal trends in distributional variability were estimated as the ratio of coefficients of variation.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2017 there was a steady, moderate improvement in mean 6MWD (absolute = 45 m (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 43–47); percent = 8.0% (95%CI: 7.6%–8.4%); effect size = 0.51 (95%CI: 0.48–0.54)). Gender- and age-related temporal differences in means were negligible. Variability in 6MWD declined substantially (ratio of coefficients of variation = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.87–0.92), with declines larger for women compared to men, and for 75–79-year-olds compared to 65–74-year-olds. Correspondingly, there were moderate and negligible increases in mean height and mass, respectively, and negligible increases in the percentage who participated in exercise/sport at least 3 days per week and at least 30 min per session.ConclusionThere has been a steady, moderate improvement in mean 6MWD for older Japanese adults since 1998, which is suggestive of corresponding improvements in both functional endurance and health. The substantial decline in variability indicates that the temporal improvement in mean 6MWD was not uniform across the distribution. Trends in 6MWD are probably influenced by corresponding trends in body size and/or participation in exercise/sport.     

全民健身品牌赛事构成要素的质性研究

摘要：全民健身品牌赛事的实施,对于推进全民健身活动深入开展发挥了重要的示范与引领作用。采用开放式问卷调查、质性分析、案例分析等研究方法,就全民健身品牌赛事的构成要素进行了质性研究。旨在丰富全民健身品牌赛事理论体系,为赛事学、品牌学研究提供理论支撑,为全民健身品牌赛事打造提供实践参考。研究表明：全民健身品牌赛事构成要素由基础要素、核心要素、延伸要素、传播要素和个性要素5大核心体系组成,其中基础要素是根基,核心要素是灵魂、延伸要素的生命,传播要素是杠杆,个性要素是风格。多数全民健身品牌赛事在运行过程中,较为重视全民参与、项目普适、社会认同、持久延续、影响效应、赛事竞争、政策保障、积极快乐等构成要素的打造,对激励机制、商业运作、符号标识、历史传承等构成要素的潜力挖掘有待进一步提升。     

我国优秀男子射箭运动员体能评价

通过专家访谈法、现场测试法、数理统计法,对我国当前现役优秀男子射箭运动员体能现状评价。研究认为,我国优秀男子射箭运动员的体能测试指标为：卧推、转肩、拉弓停时、负重快速连续下蹲、杠铃前平举、背起、引体向上、跳绳、手指俯卧撑、两头起、12min跑;建立了优秀男子射箭运动员体能模型。结论：影响我国优秀男子射箭运动员的体能成绩主要因素及其程度依次为：X3为胸部力量因子,X1为腰背柔韧性与手指力量因子,X2为肩背力量因子,X4为耐力因子;我国优秀男子射箭运动员需要加强的是肩背部力量、肌肉耐力、核心力量、腿部力量以及肩部柔韧性。