离心喷射沉积钛铝金属间化合物的研究

采用一种新型的离心喷射沉积(CSD)成形技术制备了Ti—48A1—2Mn—2Nb金属间化合物，较系统地研究了该合金的微观组织结构以及室温拉伸、压缩和断裂韧度等力学性能，探讨和研究了该合金制备过程中形成的孔隙、特殊层片状组织及对材料性能的影响规律。图像分析系统定量测试结果表明，CSD制备的金属间化合物的孔隙率在2％左右，热等静压(HIP)有效地消除了合金在喷射成形制备中产生的孔隙，致密度达99.6—99．9％。性能研究结果表明，CSD制备的Ti—48A1—2Mn—2Nb合金具有良好的室温拉伸、压缩和断裂韧度等性能，尤其是压缩性能和断裂韧度值，显示了很好的应用前景。     

Al-Si合金第二相形貌变化及其对断裂行为的影响

用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)观察Al-Si合金中硅相形貌在固溶过程中的变化, 并研究了此变化对合金力学性能和断裂行为的影响. 结果表明: 固溶初期 (250 min), 硅相发生缩颈、钝化、溶断并伴随长大; 在固溶中期(250～400 min), 其形貌没有发生显著变化, 仅球化程度更高; 600 min后, 硅相的长大是受扩散控制的粗化过程, 且符合LSW粗化模型; 同时由于出现棱角小面及搭接特征使硅相形貌有所恶化. 定量金相测量及回归分析说明硅相的形貌对合金的力学性能和断裂行为有显著影响.     

现代西方科学哲学与阿尔都塞的“新马克思论”

阿尔都塞的哲学深受现代科学哲学的影响 ,他“解读”马克思哲学的系列新论 ,无不具有现代科学哲学 ,尤其是巴歇拉尔的“认识论革命”命题和库恩的“理论变革的整体性”思想的烙印。这不仅体现在一些概念的转借上 ,而且也体现在研究方法和理论架构上     

高压油管开裂失效分析

两件汽车柴油机高压油管在服役的过程中发生了断裂,断口学分析表明疲劳断裂是两件高压油管的主要失效机制。通过对油管表面缺陷、金相组织的观察及油管力学性能的测定确定两件油管的失效原因。     

压力容器材料两种韧性断裂形态的分析研究

根据细观力学在金属韧性材料断裂中的研究成果，考察了压力容器材料韧性断裂的过程及断口的宏细观特征，结果表明：容器材料的韧窝型断裂和剪切型断裂模式，分别对应于宏观断裂形态上的正断口和斜断口；决定这两种断裂机理转变的关键因素是断裂部位的应力状态和材料的自身特性，应力状态的大小用应力三轴度来度量，临界应力三轴度是一材料常数；讨论了压力容器两种韧断形态与其应力状态的关系。     

Dynamic crack propagation analysis using scaled boundary finite element method

The prediction of dynamic crack propagation in brittle materials is still an important issue in many engineering fields. The remeshing technique based on scaled boundary finite element method（SBFEM） is extended to predict the dynamic crack propagation in brittle materials. The structure is firstly divided into a number of superelements, only the boundaries of which need to be discretized with line elements. In the SBFEM formulation, the stiffness and mass matrices of the super-elements can be coupled seamlessly with standard finite elements, thus the advantages of versatility and flexibility of the FEM are well maintained. The transient response of the structure can be calculated directly in the time domain using a standard time-integration scheme. Then the dynamic stress intensity factor（DSIF） during crack propagation can be solved analytically due to the semi-analytical nature of SBFEM. Only the fine mesh discretization for the crack-tip super-element is needed to ensure the required accuracy for the determination of stress intensity factor（SIF）. According to the predicted crack-tip position, a simple remeshing algorithm with the minimum mesh changes is suggested to simulate the dynamic crack propagation. Numerical examples indicate that the proposed method can be effectively used to deal with the dynamic crack propagation in a finite sized rectangular plate including a central crack. Comparison is made with the results available in the literature, which shows good agreement between each other.     

浅谈金属构件失效分析方法

结合实例介绍了金属构件失效分析中较常用的断口形貌分析、扫描电镜分析、金相组织分析、化学成分分析及人工模拟断口分析等方法.在查找产品的失效原因时,要灵活运用这些方法.     

YQ8井异常高破裂压力成因分析

对于超深井储层而言,地层破裂压力异常高往往制约着储层改造的成功实施.YQ8井就是由于地层破裂压力过高导致地面泵压超限不得不终止施工.结合YQ8井酸压施工情况,分析认为造成该井地层破裂压力异常高的主要原因可能有：储层物性差、岩性异常致密、区域构造应力强、储层伤害严重等.     

Assessment of volumetric bone mineral density of the femoral neck in postmenopausal women with and without vertebral fractures using quantitative multi-slice CT

Objective: To demonstrate the validity and reliability of volumetric quantitative computed tomography (vQCT) with multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for hip bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, and to compare the differences between the two techniques in discriminating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis-related vertebral fractures from those without. Methods: Ninety subjects were enrolled and divided into three groups based on the BMD values of the lumbar spine and/or the femoral neck by DXA. Groups 1 and 2 consisted of postmenopausal women with BMD changes ＜-2SD, with and without radiographically confirmed vertebral fracture (n=11 and 33, respectively).Group 3 comprised normal controls with BMD changes ≥-1SD (n=46). Post-MSCT (GE, LightSpeed16) scan reconstructed images of the abdominal-pelvic region, 1.25 mm thick per slice, were processed by OsteoCAD software to calculate the following parameters: volumetric BMD values of trabecular bone (TRAB), cortical bone (CORT), and integral bone (INTGL) of the left femoral neck, femoral neck axis length (NAL), and minimum cross-section area (mCSA). DXA BMD measurements of the lumbar spine (AP-SPINE) and the left femoral neck (NECK) also were performed for each subject. Results: The values of all seven parameters were significantly lower in subjects of Groups 1 and 2 than in normal postmenopausal women (P＜0.05, respectively).Comparing Groups 1 and 2, 3D-TRAB and 3D-INTGL were significantly lower in postmenopausal women with vertebral fracture(s) [(109.8±9.61) and (243.3±33.0) mg/cm3, respectively] than in those without [(148.9±7.47) and (285.4±17.8) mg/cm3,respectively] (P＜0.05, respectively), but no significant differences were evident in AP-SPINE or NECK BMD. Conclusion: the femoral neck-derived volumetric BMD parameters using vQCT appeared better than the DXA-derived ones in discriminating osteoporotic postmenopausal women with vertebral fractures from those without, vQCT might be useful to evaluate the effect of osteoporotic vertebral fracture status on changes in bone mass in the femoral neck.     

Fracture behavior characteristic of ceramic reinforced metal-base coatings

The fracture behavior of a ceramic reinforced metal-base coating prepared by high velocity arc spraying (HVAS)technology in three-point bending test was studied.Moreover,finite element analysis(FEA)was adopted to analyze the stress distribution in the crack front.It can be found that the crack norrnal to the interface in the coatings occurred at the location where a fixed moment of force was reached.So the critical moment can be taken as thecoating cracking criterion,which was confirmed by FEA results.In addition,the stress levels at three different locations where cracks occurred near the interface are almost the same.The results will provide reference for the design of coatings and the structure integrity evaluation of coating/substrate systems.