Systematic Comparison of Decision Accuracy of Complex Compensatory Decision Rules Combining Multiple Tests in a Higher Education Context

This real‐data‐guided simulation study systematically evaluated the decision accuracy of complex decision rules combining multiple tests within different realistic curricula. Specifically, complex decision rules combining conjunctive aspects and compensatory aspects were evaluated. A conjunctive aspect requires a minimum level of performance, whereas a compensatory aspect requires an average level of performance. Simulations were performed to obtain students' true and observed score distributions and to manipulate several factors relevant to a higher education curriculum in practice. The results showed that the decision accuracy depends on the conjunctive (required minimum grade) and compensatory (required grade point average) aspects and their combination. Overall, within a complex compensatory decision rule the false negative rate is lower and the false positive rate higher compared to a conjunctive decision rule. For a conjunctive decision rule the reverse is true. Which rule is more accurate also depends on the average test reliability, average test correlation, and the number of reexaminations. This comparison highlights the importance of evaluating decision accuracy in high‐stake decisions, considering both the specific rule as well as the selected measures.     

Visual function,performance, and processing of basketball players vs. sedentary individuals

BackgroundAthletes tend to have better visuo-motor performance than do sedentary individuals. However, several basic visual-function and perceptual parameters remain unexplored to date. In this study, we investigated whether differences exist in visual function, performance, and processing between basketball players and individuals without a sport-involvement background.MethodsA total of 33 healthy men with no visual impairment or pathology were divided into 2 groups, depending on the involvement in sport (semi-professional basketball players and sedentary individuals). We tested their baseline heart-rate variability in the resting position apart from subjective questionnaires to determine their physical fitness level, and we checked their visual function, performance, and processing through an extended battery of optometric tests.ResultsThe 2 groups differed in resting heart-rate variability parameters (p < 0.001), confirming their dissimilarities in regular time practising sports per week. The basketball players showed a closer breakpoint and recovery nearpoint of convergence, a higher fusional-vergence rate, better discriminability halos, and better eye–hand coordination (all p values < 0.05).ConclusionThese results show evidence that athletes, basketball players in this case, exhibit better performance in several visual abilities in comparison to a group of individuals without sporting backgrounds, suggesting an improvement due to the systematic involvement of those skills during basketball practice.     

体育产业促进就业:域外经验与本土启示

就业是民生之本、安国之策。体育产业作为国家积极培育的新经济增长点和支柱性产业,不仅要在促进国民经济发展中有所建树,也应在促民生、稳就业方面积极作为。从文本分析入手,阐释和总结了发达国家体育产业就业的概况和共性经验。研究表明：发达国家体育产业主要通过促进产业成长释放更多就业岗位、响应社会需求扩充热门体育职业、利用赛事关照弱势群体锻造劳力、扶持中小企业提升就业吸纳水平等措施扩大了就业渠道,带动了社会就业。最后以此为关照,启发体育产业促进就业的本土实践新思路。     

高校创办高水平篮球俱乐部的可行性研究

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、逻辑分析法、专家访谈等方法,对我国高校高水平篮球队的发展现状、内外部环境及其影响因素进行分析。认为在我国高校创办高水平篮球俱乐部,符合国际潮流与高校竞技体育发展趋势,有利于高校体育的市场化,对高校篮球运动的发展和水平的提高有促进作用。从对目前高校内、外因素的分析结果来看,在高校创办高水平篮球俱乐部是可行的。     

运动科学的分子研究——何处是归途

体育运动的生命和意识属性决定了运动科学研究不能脱离整体水平,而生命科学的核心研究范式“还原论”把运动科学引入分子水平之后,缺乏充分明确的逻辑路径返回整体水平。运动科学分子水平的研究成果不可能实现人们对体育运动生命和意识属性的深刻把握。     

短期力量练习对老年人肌肉力量和身体功能的影响

为了充分证实不同的力量练习计划对老年人体质健康影响的效果,通过对比高速率的变阻训练(HV)、由慢到快速率的等阻训练(CT)以及高速率的变阻练习与身体功能练习相结合(CB)的3种不同的短期力量练习计划对老年人的肌肉功能和身体活动能力的影响进行了实证性研究。研究结果显示:与控制组(CO)相比,HV组、CT组以及CB组的肌肉力量都有显著性的提高,而CO的力量呈轻微的下降趋势;每周两次的HV练习在提高力量和爆发性身体功能时,要优于CT和CB组;与HV和CT组相比,CB组对增加老年人的力量也是有效的,这个结果对于那些不愿意或不能频繁参加力量练习的老年人是一个重要提示。     

江苏省“体教融合”背景下高校高水平运动队管理与人才培养的研究——以河海大学高水平运动队为例

从江苏省深化教育和体育体制改革的切入点——＂体教融合＂的背景出发,在分析其内涵及高校高水平运动队管理特点、原则和内容的基础上,以河海大学高水平运动队为例,从教学管理、训练和比赛管理、生活管理和招生、就业管理入手,探讨高水平运动队优化管理模式和人才培养方式并提出建议。     

Sprint kayaking and canoeing performance prediction based on the relationship between maturity status,anthropometry and physical fitness in young elite paddlers

This study aimed to identify the maturity-related differences and its influence on the physical fitness, morphological and performance characteristics of young elite paddlers. In total, 89 kayakers and 82 canoeists, aged 13.69 ± 0.57 years (mean ± s), were allocated in three groups depending on their age relative to the age at peak height velocity (pre-APHV, circum-APHV and post-APHV) and discipline (kayak and canoe). Nine anthropometric variables, a battery of four physical fitness tests (overhead medicine ball throw, countermovement jump, sit-and-reach test and 20 m multistage shuttle run test) and three specific performance tests (1000, 500 and 200 m) were assessed. Both disciplines presented significant maturity-based differences in all anthropometric parameters (except for fat and muscle mass percentage), overhead medicine ball throw and all performance times (pre > circum > post; P < 0.05). Negative and significant correlations (P < 0.01) were detected between performance times, chronological age and anthropometry (body mass, height, sitting height and maturity status), overhead medicine ball throw and sit and reach for all distances. These findings confirm the importance of maturity status in sprint kayaking and canoeing since the more mature paddlers were also those who revealed largest body size, physical fitness level and best paddling performance. Additionally, the most important variables predicting performance times in kayaking and canoeing were maturity status and chronological age, respectively.     

排球战术训练水平诊断与评定的探究

本文主要采用文献资料法、归纳演绎等方法 ,对排球战术、训练水平、战术训练、战术能力的有关概念 ,以及排球战术训练水平诊断与评定的建立等 ,进行了论述。进而提出评定排球战术训练水平研究的基本构想 :(1)采用专家问卷调查法 ,运用模糊相关分析的方法 ,对因素指标进行优化选择 ,最后进行评定 ;(2 )通过对大量的录象统计和临场统计 ,获取战术运用效果的数据 ,进行数理统计 ,制定出相应的累进评分表 (或标准分表 )和评定标准 ;(3)建立相应的评定标准体系 ,在此基础上 ,对比赛中战术实际运用效果进行验证。     

我国优秀男子跳高运动员助跑最后一步放脚技术的生物力学分析

1前言跳高助跑最后一步放脚技术包括摆动腿放脚和起跳腿放脚技术。摆动腿放脚技术对最后一步助跑速度的保持和发挥以及起跳时的身体姿态都有一定的影响。而起跳腿的放脚技术对于是否能以合理的动作落地起跳以及能否获得良好的起跳效果都将起着关键作用。本文对当前我国优秀男子