Effects of resistance training in HIV-infected patients: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

The relative effects of resistance training (RT) upon muscle fitness and immune function among HIV-infected patients are uncertain. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to determine the effects of RT upon muscle strength, muscle mass and CD4 cells count and to identify potential moderators of those outcomes in HIV-infected patients. Meta-analyses use random or fixed-effects model depending on the heterogeneity of effect sizes, complemented with Hedge’s g correction factor. Thirteen trials were meta-analysed. Overall, RT increased muscle strength (35.5%, P < 0.01) and CD4 cell count (26.1%, P = 0.003) versus controls (P < 0.03), but not muscle mass (P = 0.051). Meta-regression followed by subgroup moderator analysis showed that gains in muscle strength followed a dose–response pattern with largest increase detected among trials with longer (24 weeks; 49.3%) than shorter intervention (<12 weeks; 39%), higher (Physiotherapy Evidence-Based Database [PEDro] scale = 6; 38.3%) than lower (PEDro = 5; 28.1%) quality, and longer (12 months; 59.7%) than shorter time under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (<6 months; 37.1%), (P < 0.01). RT appears to be efficacious to improve muscular strength (~35.5%) and CD4 cell count (~26.1%), but not muscle mass of HIV-infected patients. Effects upon strength were greater in studies with higher quality and among trials with longer RT and HAART.     

运动与病毒性感染疾病的关系

一次力竭性运动或持续超大强度训练均可增加机体上呼吸道感染和其他病毒性感染的易感性,但不影响机体对细菌性感染的抵抗力。大强度训练对T细胞-白细胞介素-NK细胞系统具有抑制效应,且效应可持续1周以上。相反,适度训练则能增强免疫功能。鉴于急性病毒感染对运动能力和精神面貌的负性影响,加之伴随病毒性心肌炎而偶发的急性死亡事件,所以应尽量降低运动员病毒性感染的发生率。坚持预防注射程序、减少感染暴露、避免超大强度训练、保证合理饮食、减轻心理和环境压力等,都是可采用的措施。     

人民代表言论免究权论略

言论免究权是人民代表在代议机构中行使职责的一切言论、表决不受任何其他机关、组织的追究和质问的一项宪法权利,是人民管理国家的重要民主形式。我国宪法和法律确认人大代表言论免究权是健全人民代表大会制度,实现民主现代化的重要措施。     

恒定功率不同持续时间运动对红细胞免疫功能的影响

恒定功率三种不同持续时间运动后,受试者 ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂＲ活性显著降低,其下 降程度与运动持续时间密切相关,亚运动 ３,小时仍显著低于安静值。 １５ｍｉｎ和 ３０ｍｉｎ 组运动后,受试者 ＲＢＣ－ＩＣ花环率有增高趋势,但无显著性;而 ４５ｍｉｎ组运动后却 显著增高,至运动 ３小时仍高于安静值（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０５）。三组受试者运动后 １５小时,二种花环率均恢复至安静水平。     

运动对T淋巴细胞的影响及其免疫调节机制

运动作为一种压力, 可引起Ｔ淋巴细胞在其数量、亚群以及功能上的变化。这种变化的趋势和类型取决于运动的形式, 持续时间和运动强度以及运动量。本文阐述了目前关于运动对Ｔ淋巴细胞的影响及其免疫调节机制的研究概况。     

RBF网络在DNA序列分类中的应用

针对RBF网络易于陷入局部最小值和网络训练时间过长的问题,引入免疫多克隆遗传算子对RBF网络的权值进行优化。仿真结果表明,采用优化后的网络模型具有更高的分类效率和准确率。     

板蓝根多糖的毒性试验及对小白鼠免疫系统的作用研究

本试验采用不同浓度的板蓝根多糖对实验级的小白鼠进行了毒性试验,测试了免疫器官指数、血细胞常规指数及淋巴细胞玫瑰花环形成率等试验指标。结果表明,在一定浓度范围内板蓝根多糖不仅对机体无明显毒副作用,而且能有效提高机体的免疫系统活性。     

基于免疫单亲遗传算法在TSP中的应用

基本遗传算法保持群体多样性的能力较差,所以经常在问题求解的过程中极易陷入局部最优解。根据生物的免疫原理和单亲遗传算法并结合最近邻域算法思想提出的一种改进算法———基于免疫单亲遗传算法（IPGA）。免疫遗传算法中的基因重组、免疫记忆以及免疫元动态等特性,这些特性有助于改进基本遗传算法群体多样性的保持能力。最后结合48个城市旅行商问题进行了求解,仿真结果表明,基于免疫单亲遗传算法具有更好的性能,相对于传统的遗传算法收敛速度提高了30%。     

Immune function and exercise

This review will examine the effects of exercise and training on immune func-tion and will discuss the methodological problems that limit the interpretation of many exercise immunology studies. Acute bouts of exercise cause a tempo-rary depression of various aspects of immune function, such as neutrophil oxidative burst, lymphocyte proliferation, monocyte MHC class II expression, and natural killer cell cytotoxic activity, that will usually last for approximately three to 24 hours after exercise, depending on the intensity and duration of the exercise bout. Post-exercise immune function depression is most pronounced when the exercise is continuous, prolonged (<1.5 hours), of moderate to high intensity (55-75% VO₂max), and performed without food intake. Periods of intensified training that result in overreaching have been shown to chronically depress immune function—i.e., immune cell functions measured at rest are still depressed 24 hours after the last exercise bout. Although elite athletes are not clinically immune deficient, it is possible that the combined effects of small changes in several immune parameters may compromise resistance to common minor illnesses such as upper respiratory tract infection. Protracted immune depression linked with prolonged training may determine susceptibility to infection, particularly at times of major competitions.     

PART III: KINANTHROPOMETRY

Whole-body bone mineral density and bone mineral mass in young adult rugby union players.