治疗性疫苗的研究进展

治疗性疫苗通过打破机体的免疫耐受,提高机体的特异性免疫反应,对一些目前尚无有效治疗药物的传染性疾病、肿瘤等起到治疗作用。介绍了治疗性疫苗的发展简史、机理和临床最新进展。     

一种新的免疫多目标优化算法及其在锅炉燃烧优化中的应用

为了综合考虑锅炉燃烧优化问题中锅炉效率与NOx排放2个目标,提出了一种新的基于免疫细胞亚群的多目标优化算法ICSMOA.算法定义了亚群划分算子与免疫耐受算子,亚群划分可以很方便地表达偏好,免疫耐受则能保证解的分布性.ICSMOA的运行结果为一组Pareto最优解,而传统的加权法的运行结果为一个不能判断Pareto占优与否的解.与多次运行加权法获得的结果相比,所提算法的运行结果优于加权法.另外,运行ICS-MOA所获得的Pareto前沿不同于经典的多目标优化算法,它可以输出更多的满足决策者偏好的解,从而更适合于工业应用.     

维生素C对金鲫头肾和脾脏免疫细胞的影响

采用投喂和组织学方法,研究不同剂量维生素C对金鲫头肾和脾脏免疫细胞数量的影响．结果表明：以维生素C1400mg·kg-1饲料和2800mg·kg-1饲料的剂量投喂金鲫6周后,与对照组相比,金鲫头肾和脾脏的细胞总数、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞和黑色素巨噬细胞的数量明显增加,差异显著．该研究证明维生素C对金鲫头肾和脾脏免疫细胞的增殖有明显的促进作用．     

Recommendations to maintain immune health in athletes

Numerous studies over the last 35 years report an increase in upper respiratory infection (URI) symptoms in athletes during periods of heavy training and competition. Challenges athletes face such as heavy exercise and life stress influence immune function via activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system and the resulting immunoregulatory hormones. Both innate and acquired immunity are often reported to decrease transiently in the hours after heavy exertion, typically 15–70%: prolonged heavy training sessions in particular have been shown to decrease immune function; potentially providing an ‘open window’ for opportunistic infections. Whether the observed changes in immunity with acute strenuous exercise or periods of heavy training account for the increased susceptibility to URI symptoms remains contentious. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that URI symptoms hinder athletic training and competition; underpinning the need to identify the prominent risk factors and appropriate countermeasures. Recent studies have identified prominent risk factors, including: intensified training in the winter; long-haul travel; low energy availability; high levels of psychological stress and anxiety; and depression. Given the shared pathways and effector limbs for the body’s response to physical and psychological challenges, it is logical that psychological strain influences immunity and illness incidence in athletes under heavy training; indeed, stress and anxiety have recently been shown to modify the immune response to exercise. This mini-review provides new insights and evidence-based recommendations for coping with the various challenges that athletes encounter on immune health, including: heavy exercise; life stress; sleep disruption; environmental extremes and nutritional deficits.     

运动员免疫细胞的比赛应答特征

本研究旨在观察分析10名优秀女子400米跑运动员免疫机能对比赛的应答及恢复特征。结果发现：赛后即刻，WBC计数及其亚类LYMPH、MID、GRAN上升非常明显；恢复3h，LYMPH、MID已基本恢复，而WBC仍高于运动前64％，GRAN却在继续上升，达赛前的2．2倍；经24h恢复后，各指标均基本恢复。以上结果表明：经24h恢复，机体则可完全消除运动所引起的免疫抑制状态。     

半数效量分析模型在小鼠血清溶血素测定中的应用

目的 应用半数效量分析模型建立小鼠血清溶血素半数溶血值(HC50)新的计算公式。方法 小鼠血清溶血素分光光度测定法测定正常小鼠血清在不同稀释度的溶血反应率,用半数效量分析模型对测定值进行曲线拟合,建立计算小鼠血清半数溶血值(HC50)的新方法并与原计算方法作统计学比较。 结果1)小鼠血清对数稀释倍数与溶血概率单位符合半数效量分析模型,曲线拟合良好,直线方程为 y=11.4238-2.1911x,r=0.9978,相关系数显著性检验P<0.01,由方程建立的小鼠血清半数溶血值(HC50)概率单位法计算公式为HC50 = lg-1[lg(N)+(5-y)/b]。2)概率单位公式法可在溶血反应率为2.9～97.8%的较大范围内准确计算血清样品溶血素的半数溶血值(HC50),与理论值的误差率范围为2.81～8.30%;与原方法计算结果(误差率范围为4.65～77.11%)比较,除溶血反应率为52.5%的测定值点外,各溶血反应率测定值点的计算结果误差率均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。概率单位公式法计算结果与光密度比值法比较,具有更高的准确性。 结论 小鼠血清对数稀释倍数与溶血概率单位符合半数效量分析模型,由此建立的概率单位公式法可在样品血清较大溶血反应率范围内准确计算血清样品溶血素的半数溶血值。     

Science Letters:Effects of dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum on the growth performance and humoral immune response in Miichthys miiuy

INTRODUCTION It is well known that antibiotics are used as ef-fective agents to control diseases and as growth promoters in domestic animals. However, the con-tinuous use of antimicrobials increases the bacterial resistance. Therefore, it is essential to find effective and non-resistance replacements. Probiotics are vi-able cell preparations that have beneficial effects on health of the host by improving its intestinal balance (Fuller, 1989) via producing nutrients, enhancingimmune respo…     

HA/HI试验在家禽免疫监测中应用的实验教学探讨

本文就红细胞凝集(HA)与红细胞凝集抑制(HI)试验(微量法)在家禽新城疫等疫病免疫监测中应用的实验课教学的若干方面,包括课程题目、教学目的、教学内容、实验用材、操作关键、结果判断、误差规避、指导接种、时间安排等,谈谈自己多年来教改的探讨、体会,以期达到改善本实验课程教学效果,提高教学效率,贴近生产实际,加强生产指导作用等目的。     

数控加工过程监测与信号处理系统的研制

为了使数控加工过程处于受控状态,该文构造了一种基于免疫机理的加工过程监测系统.文中重点介绍了过程监控硬件设计和在LabVIEW环境下的软件模块化设计.综合运用了包括功率谱分析在内的多种信号处理方法,通过运用生物免疫机理中的反向选择算法和遗传算法及时准确监测系统状态.试验证明,这种监测系统具有很强的灵活性和可扩展性,对主动避免和减少数控机床故障具有重要意义.     

演化计算在人工免疫系统中的应用

对人工免疫系统中SELF集的构造和特征码的选取、演化进行了分析，以网络入侵检测的AIS为例，对特征码的表现型和基因型做了详细描述。把检测器集分为三级结构，并描述了各个分离检测器集的演化过程．