基于三阶段仁慈型DEA的产业集群研发效率评价

近年来,研发效率问题成为学者关注的焦点,但还没有针对产业集群研发效率的研究。本文选取研发经费内部支出和研发人员数量为产业集群研发效率的投入指标,发明专利授权数为产出指标。并基于现有三阶段DEA未考虑决策单元之间合作关系的局限性,提出三阶段仁慈型DEA模型,并计算了2008-2012年我国10个高新技术产业集群的研发效率,结果证实了方法的适用性。研究结果表明:(1)在剔除了环境和随机因素的影响后,各个高新技术产业的研发效率有明显的上升;(2)所在城市人均GDP和研究生毕业生数对研发经费内部支出的投入冗余和研发人员数量的投入冗余是正向有利因素,而政府资助研发经费占城市总研发经费的比重对研发经费内部支出的投入冗余是正向有利因素,对研发人员数量的投入冗余是负向不利因素。     

世界一流大学前沿科学中心建设模式分析与借鉴 ——以麻省理工学院麦戈文脑科学研究院为例

介绍美国麻省理工学院前沿科学中心麦戈文脑科学研究院的治理理念、组织模式和管理体系,对其与我国共建的3所麦戈文脑科学研究院等科研人员进行半结构式访谈,得到前沿科学中心的科研评审机制、经费支持机制以及科研软环境建设是科研人员最关注的方面.借鉴麦戈文脑科学研究院经验,建议我国研究型大学在建设前沿科学研究平台中,注重依托实体化组织模式引进顶尖人才参与建设,提供稳定的科研支撑保障并拓宽科研资助来源,强化高水平国际交流与合作,鼓励学科交叉融合,营造协同创新的软环境,并提升国际化管理水平.     

经济增长对科研经费投入贡献力的国际比较

以联合国教科文组织公布的统计数据为基础，对不同经济发展时期、水平的国家GDP总值与R＆D经费投入进行了国际比较。分析结果表明，发达国家的GDP对R＆D投入的贡献力要大于发展中国家，处于经济上升期的国家非常重视R＆D经费投入，中国在统计时间段内科研投入平缓增加，但科技竞争力整体水平较低。     

用生态文明理论构建全面小康社会指标体系探讨

党的十六大提出物质文明、政治文明、精神文明和生态文明是全面建设小康社会的四大奋斗目标,前三者都与生态文明建设有密切的联系.本文从这一联系出发,运用科学的发展观,论述了生态文明形态的小康社会与工业文明形态的小康社会的联系与区别,生态文明理论在构建全面小康社会指标体系中的作用.试图建立一套科学、系统和具有时代特征的全面小康社会指标评价体系,进一步明确小康的内涵,用以衡量全面建设小康社会的实现进程.     

Trainee teachers' conceptions of teaching and learning,classroom layout and exam design

The objective of this study centres on identifying and classifying the conceptions of teaching and learning held by future secondary school teachers, and on analysing the relationship between these conceptions and the way classroom space is organized and exams are designed. The test instruments used were applied to a sample of 138 graduates, who were all following the Pedagogical Aptitude Course (CAP) during the academic year 2002/03. Results show that the more traditional teaching/learning models are related to a more vertical classroom layout. Significant correlations between beliefs and exam demands were also found.     

工业互联网平台商业模式企业投资战略分析——以海尔集团为例

在互联网平台商业模式转型的大趋势下,工业企业财务战略管理方面将会面对各种问题,其中包括企业如何进行投资战略的选择。通过调查研究、理论推演、归纳分析等方式,以海尔集团为例,摸索工业互联网平台商业模式与投资战略之间相互影响的路径,重点探讨工业互联网平台商业模式如何进行投资战略选择,进而获得持续竞争优势,提升企业价值,为其他工业制造业企业提供借鉴。     

知识经济时代服务业发展的新趋势

从20世纪90年代开始,在经济全球化和信息化浪潮推动下,全球产业结构开始从“工业型经济”向“服务型经济”转型;从21世纪开始,随着信息技术、网络技术、数字技术等新兴技术的快速发展,整个服务业中知识化、专业化趋势不断加强,全球范围内的服务业发展又出现了一次新的转型,即从传统型服务经济向知识密集型服务经济转型.在知识、技术和全球化力量的推动下,服务业表现出了新的发展趋势.     

Federalization of education in Chihuahua

This article examines the politics behind the initial centralization of primary education in Chihuahua, Mexico during the 1920s and 1930s. The article argues that the centralization of primary education was one of many tools used by the federal government to consolidate its power in the wake of the Mexican Revolution (1910–1917) and create a corporatist state. Even before the Revolution, federal officials were concerned that neither states nor municipalities were capable of providing primary education (especially in rural areas) adequate to Mexico’s needs. Even though the 1917 Constitution gave control over primary education to the municipal government, Education Ministry (SEP) officials began taking major steps in centralizing primary education under the auspices of the federal government during the administration of Alvaro Obregón (1920–1924) by subsidizing state‐run primary schools and refusing to deal with municipal governments. Under Plutarco Elías Calles (1924–1928) the SEP undermined state‐run education by annulling all existing contracts with state governments and creating a parallel federal primary schools system. The federal government also tried to gain control over federal teachers by centralizing control over grassroots unions. The SEP’s drive to centralize control over schooling reached its climax during this period with the federalization of all primary schools in Chihuahua and Queretaro in 1935.     

The potential skills contribution of international students to South Africa

Abstract

There has been a significant increase in the number of international students, especially in those from other African countries, at South African universities over the last ten years. This has elicited some research, notably from Ramphele, Crush and McDonald (1999); Hall (2004); and Snowball and Antrobus (2005; 2006). However, none of these scholars considered the possibility of exploiting the skills potential of international students in South Africa, especially at a time when the country faces skills shortages. The authors conducted a survey at six higher education institutions (HEIs) in 2008, which sought to determine the skills profiles of international students in South Africa. It was found that the majority of international students are registered in disciplines where skills shortages exist, that a significant number of these students are young and that many would like to remain and work in South Africa. Labour policy makers in South Africa seem to be unaware of this, hence policy is ill-adapted to derive economic benefits from international students.     

广东专业镇产业协同创新体系建设研究

基于产业集群协同创新理论,通过研究目前国内典型产业集群协同创新体系建设做法,借鉴其成功经验,结合广东专业镇产业协同创新体系建设实际情况,提出推动广东专业镇产业协同创新体系建设的建议。