Age and sex influences on running mechanics and coordination variability

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of age on running mechanics separately for male and female runners and to quantify sex differences in running mechanics and coordination variability for older runners. Kinematics and kinetics were captured for 20 younger (10 male) and 20 older (10 male) adults running overground at 3.5 m · s^?1. A modified vector coding technique was used to calculate segment coordination variability. Lower extremity joint angles, moments and segment coordination variability were compared between age and sex groups. Significant sex–age interaction effects were found for heel-strike hip flexion and ankle in/eversion angles and peak ankle dorsiflexion angle. In older adults, mid-stance knee flexion angle, ankle inversion and abduction moments and hip abduction and external rotation moments differed by sex. Older compared with younger females had reduced coordination variability in the thigh–shank transverse plane couple but greater coordination variability for the shank rotation–foot eversion couple in early stance. These results suggest there may be a non-equivalent aging process in the movement mechanics for males and females. The age and sex differences in running mechanics and coordination variability highlight the need for sex-based analyses for future studies examining injury risk with age.     

试论我国体育职业教育

采用文献资料等研究方法,分析了我国社会发展对体育职业教育的需求和体育职业教育的发展趋势.将确立高技能人才培养目标;提高体育职业教育质量;完善专业课程设置;提高综合素质作为体育职业教育的发展途径.提出了转变观念,拓宽办学渠道;加强高水平师资队伍建设;建立多学科的体育职业教育体系;健全符合社会要求的评价和监督机制的对策和建议.     

教育观念与英语交际能力的培养——以非英语专业博士研究生为例

传统的教育观念、语法翻译教学法和汉语教学模式对英语交际能力发展存在消极影响.交际法教学比语法翻译法更有利于英语交际能力的发展,本文以非英语专业博士研究生为研究对象,通过革新教学理念、课程体系、学习策略和教学手段等,对博士研究生英语教学进行改革,可以有效地提高博士研究生的英语交际能力.     

Engaging mothers with substance use issues and their children in early intervention: Understanding use of service and outcomes

Mothers who use substances need integrated, multi-sectoral intervention services to support substance use discontinuation. We explored mothers’ service use at Breaking the Cycle, an early intervention and prevention program for pregnant and parenting women and their young children in Toronto, Canada. We conducted retrospective analyses of families’ service records and client charts (N = 160). Aims were to 1) describe women’s use of service, 2) examine how early engagement of pregnant women related to postnatal service use, and 3) examine the circumstances in which women ended their service relationship with Breaking the Cycle. Specifically, we examined circumstances at service ending relating to women’s service goals; custody status with children; and global substance-use, parent-child relationship, and child development outcomes. We found that these vulnerable women were actively engaged in many services and for a long duration, early engagement was associated with greater service use, and greater service use was associated with more positive circumstances upon ending service. Results provide support for a relational approach to service that promotes not only the relationship between mother and child, and mother and service provider, but also highlights relationships among staff, between staff and management, and between community partners as integral to effective service delivery. Integrating positive relationships at all levels is critical to support vulnerable families with complex needs.     

中外男子撑竿跳高优秀运动员最后两步助跑至起跳技术相关运动学参数的比较研究

最后2步助跑至起跳技术是撑竿跳高中的关键技术环节。本文采用文献资料法、比较研究法,数理统计等方法对中外优秀男子撑竿跳高运动员最后2步助跑至起跳技术相关运动学参数进行对照。结果表明,我国优秀男子撑竿跳高运动员在身体重心运动轨迹变化、摆动膝角等多项指标中与世界优秀选手均存在一定差距,揭示我国优秀男子撑竿跳高运动员最后两步助跑至起跳技术的一般性规律与特征。为我国优秀男子撑竿跳高运动员的科学训练提供定量化参考依据。     

Comparison of support leg kinetics between side-step and cross-step cutting techniques

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the support leg joint moment and moment power between side-step (SS) and cross-step (CS) cutting techniques with a prescribed 90° cutting angle. Ground reaction forces (1,000 Hz) and three-dimensional kinematics (250 Hz) of SS and CS cutting techniques were collected from 20 male college athletes. Normalised peak knee extension moment was larger in the SS technique than in the CS technique (0.40 ± 0.10 in SS; 0.26 ± 0.08 in CS). In the SS technique, the knee extensors ( ? 0.10 ± 0.06 in SS; ? 0.02 ± 0.04 in CS) and ankle plantarflexors ( ? 0.12 ± 0.05 in SS; ? 0.07 ± 0.03 in CS) did significantly more negative work (normalised). The direction change angle (40.5 ± 8.7° in SS; 33.0 ± 6.8° in CS) and the decrease in horizontal velocity of the centre of mass ( ? 0.63 ± 0.23 m/s in SS; ? 0.31 ± 0.23 m/s in CS) were significantly larger in the SS technique. These results suggest that the SS technique is an effective means of changing running direction at the expense of velocity of the centre of mass and that the CS technique is better for minimising the reduction in horizontal velocity of the centre of mass.     

国内外优秀男子跳远运动员部分技术指标差异性分析

对国内外优秀跳远运动员和世界顶级跳远运动员的助跑速度利用率、短程和全程助跑跳远成绩差、K值三项指标进行对比分析,发现我国优秀男子跳远运动员助跑速度利用率明显高于世界顶级选手,但技术评定等级低于世界顶级选手,主要原因是起跳环节存在差距。不同运动员最佳的助跑速度利用率存在差别,高助跑速度利用率需要有与之相对应的起跳能力和跑跳结合能力。     

体育术科高考乒乓球专项考试方法与标准的探讨

本文通过对１９９７年浙江省体育术科高考宁波师院考点各项成绩的对比分析和乒乓球专项考试原始成绩的统计分析，认为乒乓球专项成绩远远优于其它项目，主要原因是其考试方法不够科学，评分标准明显偏低所致。因此，重新审定乒乓球考试方法和标准是深化我省体育术科高考改革中急待解决的重要课题之一。     

高等职业院校学生体育消费与健身途径现状分析

运用文献资料、问卷调查和数理统计等方法,对陕西省高等职业院校学生的体育消费现状和健身途径的选择情况进行了调查,结果表明:陕西省高等职业院校学生体育消费态度较为积极,并与学生健身途径的选择及发展趋势有紧密的联系。     

小康社会进程中黑龙江省高校体育与社会体育接轨途径探讨

当今高校体育发展趋向社会化方向,社会体育成为高校体育的有益补充。文章通过对黑龙江省社会体育的发展现状和高校体育设施情况的调研,阐释黑龙江省高校体育与社会体育接轨具有促进黑龙江省高校体育的社会化、增强黑龙江省高校大学生体育意识的重要意义。并指出黑龙江省高校体育与社会体育接轨的路径为：创新社会化理念;建构个性化的体育教学形式和内容;共享体育设施资源;发挥社会体育指导员在黑龙江省体育发展中的联结作用。这对推动黑龙江省高校体育教学改革具有指导性意义。