体育规则：足球规则修改与集体项目规则的比较研究

本文以法学视角,尤其是国际法视角,通过研读规则文本的方式,对足球规则的演进进行分析,并且揭示一些目前体育法领域关注的问题:体育法(lex sportiva)确实存在,包含了公法部分(国际公约、国家立法)和私法部分(体育规则);体育规则(Laws of the game)是体育法的核心,包括国家、地区以及全球范围内各级体育主管部门的章程与条例;项目规则是体育法的另一个重要核心,作者以足球为例,论证了为什么项目规则也是法的问题。     

Lower extremity power during the squat jump with various barbell loads

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine the barbell load that maximised the system power as well as the ankle, knee, and hip joint powers during the squat jump, and (2) to compare the system powers computed from two different methods: the centre of mass (COM) method and the barbell method. Seven male throwers were recruited in this study. The system power (COM method) and the ankle, knee, and hip joint powers were determined with the load incrementally set at 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% of one repetition maximum. The largest system power was observed at the load of 30% (p < 0.008) while the largest ankle and knee powers were observed at 70% and 0% (p < 0.05). The barbell method overestimated the system power (p < 0.001) when compared to the COM method. It was concluded that the barbell method could influence load optimisation in squat jump. The optimal barbell load which maximised the system power did not maximise the ankle, knee, or hip power simultaneously.     

Comparison of support leg kinetics between side-step and cross-step cutting techniques

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the support leg joint moment and moment power between side-step (SS) and cross-step (CS) cutting techniques with a prescribed 90° cutting angle. Ground reaction forces (1,000 Hz) and three-dimensional kinematics (250 Hz) of SS and CS cutting techniques were collected from 20 male college athletes. Normalised peak knee extension moment was larger in the SS technique than in the CS technique (0.40 ± 0.10 in SS; 0.26 ± 0.08 in CS). In the SS technique, the knee extensors ( ? 0.10 ± 0.06 in SS; ? 0.02 ± 0.04 in CS) and ankle plantarflexors ( ? 0.12 ± 0.05 in SS; ? 0.07 ± 0.03 in CS) did significantly more negative work (normalised). The direction change angle (40.5 ± 8.7° in SS; 33.0 ± 6.8° in CS) and the decrease in horizontal velocity of the centre of mass ( ? 0.63 ± 0.23 m/s in SS; ? 0.31 ± 0.23 m/s in CS) were significantly larger in the SS technique. These results suggest that the SS technique is an effective means of changing running direction at the expense of velocity of the centre of mass and that the CS technique is better for minimising the reduction in horizontal velocity of the centre of mass.     

Lacrosse History,a History of One Sport or Two? A Comparative Analysis of Men's Lacrosse and Women's Lacrosse in the United States

Men's lacrosse and women's lacrosse share a name, but their histories differ. Both sports developed and became organised in close concert with the race, class and gender expectations of the eras. As a result, the sports began with rules that reflected those norms. Over time, the sports developed separately and generated unique forms, even as they sustained moments of interaction. Therefore, men's lacrosse and women's lacrosse are different sports. Using comparisons as the mode through which to view the sports, this article explores the organised beginnings of men's lacrosse and women's lacrosse to establish that the sports began and continued within identity-based norms. Through the discussion of the practical distinctions and critical understandings of the differences between the games, the author poses that these dissimilarities are relevant in considerations of the separate sports as they continue to change in the larger US sporting context. As sports such as basketball demonstrate, these arguments matter because broad-scale comparisons of women's sports to men's frequently render women's sport participants, and the sports they play, inferior. Notably, women's lacrosse participants also employed comparisons to distinguish and claim their history as unique from that of men's lacrosse. A comparative analysis highlights points of disjuncture between the sports and contextualises the importance of gender in the articulations of difference.     

里约奥运新周期我国男子体操发展前景分析

通过文献资料法、观察法、数理统计法等方法对第44届世界体操锦标赛男子个人全能以及6个单项的决赛情况进行了分析研究,探讨分析在新的奥运周期和评分规则下世界男子体操竞争格局变化、发展的趋势以及我国男子体操存在的优势与不足。结果表明：里约周期新格局雏形出现,日本美国强势复苏,以新人为主的中国男队创17年来世界锦标赛最差成绩,全盛时期终结;个人全能日本一枝独秀,美国、英国、巴西有相当实力,中国队后备不足,综合竞争力与日本有很大差距;单项群雄争霸,中国队强项不强、弱项更弱,仅双杠略有优势,跳马完全无竞争力,另4项则竞争对手众多。在新的周期里中国男队要加大全能选手的培养,积极适应新规则,提高动作的难度和质量,确保零失误。     

新规则对世界乒乓球运动技术发展趋势的影响

运用录像观察和三段分析法对实行新规则后的14名世界优秀男选手的比赛情况进行了统计分析,并将所得数据与各评估指标进行对比,结果发现:1)新规则执行后世界优秀男乒选手在三段使用率上发生了新的分配形式,三段的使用率有明显的"向平均数回归"的趋势.该结果提示新规则实施后,世界优秀选手在前三板的争夺更加激烈.2)与国外运动员相比,中国选手在接抢段的使用率更高,表明中国运动员更好地适应了新规则.此外,多名世界顶尖球手在相持段得分率的评估中不及格,作者据此认为新规则实施后,三段分析法的评估标准有必要进行修订,以跟上形式发展的需要.     

我国文献信息编目工作标准化发展述略--纪念《文献著录总则》颁布20周年

本文回顾了我国文献信息编目工作标准化的发展历程,总结了现有的成就与问题,提出了发展的对策。     

基于同组项目集关联规则集排冗方法

关联规则挖掘是数据挖掘领域的一个重要研究课题,目的在于从大量的数据库记录或交易中发现所有频繁出现的项目子集,并以规则形式给出项目子集之间的相互影响关系．但是用传统关联规则生成方法所生成的规则一是数量庞大,二是其中包含许多具有相同意义的规则,这必然对用户理解和提取信息带来干扰．本文通过引入同组项目集概念定义了冗余规则类型,并给出了有效排冗关联规则挖掘算法．     

半线性椭圆型偏微分方程反问题解的整体惟一性

研究了半线性椭圆型偏微分方程-Δu+B.gradu+a(x,u)=0u|Ω=g∈W2-1/p,p(Ω)的反问题的解的整体惟一性.证明过程中应用了线性化方法和Dirichlet——Neumann映射.     

C. Krattenthaler’s矩阵反演的简化证明（英文）

在1996 年，C. Krattenthaler 给出了一个能够统一大部分的矩阵反演的通用的矩阵反演公式 并利用这个公式导出了很多新的超几何级数型求和公式，但是其证明非常复杂。本文给出这个反演公式的一个初等证明。