Developing molecular-level models for organic field-effect transistors

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are not only functional devices but also represent an important tool for measuring the charge-transport properties of organic semiconductors (OSs). Thus, efforts to understand the performance and characteristics of OFET devices are not only useful in helping achieve higher device efficiencies but also critical to ensuring accuracy in the evaluations of OS charge mobilities. These studies rely on OFET device models, which connect the measured current characteristics to the properties of the OSs. Developing such OFET models requires good knowledge of the charge-transport processes in OSs. In device active layers, the OS thin films are either amorphous (e.g. in organic light-emitting diodes and organic solar cells) or crystalline (e.g. those optimized for charge transport in OFETs). When the electronic couplings between adjacent OS molecules or polymer chain segments are weak, the charge-transport mechanism is dominated by hopping processes, which is the context in which we frame the discussion in this Review. Factors such as disorder, mobility anisotropy, traps, grain boundaries or film morphology all impact charge transport. To take these features fully into account in an OFET device model requires considering a nano-scale, molecular-level resolution. Here, we discuss the recent development of such molecular-resolution OFET models based on a kinetic Monte Carlo approach relevant to the hopping regime. We also briefly describe the applicability of these models to high-mobility OFETs, where we underline the need to extend them to incorporate aspects related to charge delocalization.     

柚皮苷和新橙皮苷抗过敏作用的研究

[目的]为了研究柚皮苷和橙皮苷的抗过敏作用.[方法]采用DNFB法诱导小鼠3相皮肤炎后,第2~8 d连续口服给以柚皮苷和橙皮苷.观察即时相(IPR)、迟发相(LPR)和超迟发相(vLPR)的抑制率.[结果]柚皮苷在投药量为20 mg/kg时,对IPR、vLPR的耳缘浮肿产生有效的抑制,抑制率分别为2 8.2%,2 6.1%;投药量为100 mg/kg,对浮肿各相都产生有效的抑制,抑制率分别为31.7%,25.1%,29.9%.新橙皮苷在20和100 mg/kg投药量下,对vLPR相产生有效的抑制,抑制率分别为19.1%,23.6%.[结论]柚皮苷和橙皮苷表现出较好的抑制3相皮肤炎作用,在抗过敏方面具有一定的开发价值.     

铁（Ⅲ）-甲酚红-过氧化氢体系测定人发中痕量铁的研究

研究了在硫酸介质中,痕量铁（Ⅲ）对过氧化氢氧化甲酚红褪色反应的催化作用,据此建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量铁的新方法。铁（Ⅲ）的测定线性范围为0．2-1．6μg／25mL,检出限为2．6×10^-9g／mL。试验考察了20多种共存离子的影响,表明该方法具有较好的选择性,且用该方法测定人发中的痕量铁,其相对标准偏差小于3．2％,试样加标回收率为96．3％-105．0％。     

大型机组动静碰磨的振动特征研究与诊断技术应用

动静部件碰磨是当前大型机组现场常见重要故障。本文结合企业大型机组在启机和工作转速发生的典型动静碰磨,介绍了故障简况、振动特征、分析判断过程和现场应急处理方法,这些可以为碰磨故障的准确分析、诊断和认定、以及现场采取的紧急处理措施提供参考。     

Monoclonal antibody-based ELISA and colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay for streptomycin residue detection in milk and swine urine

A protein conjugate of streptomycin (streptomycin-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate) was prepared and used as immunogen to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAb). One hybridoma secreting anti-streptomycin MAb was obtained and then used to produce MAb. The MAb named 13H5 showed the 50% maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 4.65 ng/ml and the IC20 value of 0.21 ng/ml in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). At optimum conditions, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a co...     

试论髋部动作在跑步运动中的重要性

分析髋部生理结构,及髋部动作在跑运动技术中的运动形态和重要作用,说明了髋部的正确运动形态有助于提高跑步运动项目技术过程的实效性和经济性。     

注射用盐酸头孢吡肟的RP-HPLC测试

建立注射用盐酸头孢吡肟含量测定的RP-HPLC方法。ODS色谱柱250×4.6mm（i.d.）5μm;0.04mol/L醋酸铵（冰醋酸调节pH至5.0）-甲醇（92：8）为流动相,流速为1.0ml/min,检测波长为256nm。流速为1.0ml/min。盐酸头孢吡肟在10.5～84.0μg/ml浓度范围内,其峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系（r=0.9993）,精密度RSD为0.5%。平均回收率为98.90%,RSD为0.34%,检测限为1.5ng。本法简便、快速、准确、专属性强,可用于注射用盐酸头孢吡肟的含量测定及有关物质检查。     

运动训练对免疫功能的影响与免疫调理效果

以14名高水平赛艇运动员为实验对象。冬训前通过与对照组比较,观察运动员的免疫功能状态;通过运动员冬训两个月前后的比较,观察运动训练对免疫功能的影响;通过服用免疫调理中药一个月前后的比较,观察中药对运动性免疫抑制的调理效果。结果发现,冬训前,运动员的主要免疫指标显著低于正常人,且冬训两个月后进一步降低,表明赛艇运动员长期从事大强度运动训练可显著抑制免疫功能。通过服用免疫调理中药,主要免疫指标显著回升,表明中药对调理运动性免疫低下有显著作用。     

变宽度圆盘剪切机虚拟样机设计与研究

以变宽度圆盘剪切机为研究对象,以剪切速度分析为前提,提出了变宽度剪切的理论基础,在Pro/ENGINEER中建立了变宽度圆盘剪切机的三维数字化模型,采用虚拟样机技术对整机进行了运动学仿真分析,分析的结果可用来指导设计,研究成果对实际工程的运用具有一定指导作用。     

Antinuclear Antibody Profiling in Patients of a Tertiary Care Centre in Central India

The incidence of autoimmune disorders that includes the connective tissue diseases has seen a rise in India in recent times. Antinuclear antibodies, the telltale sign of systemic autoimmune response, thus can be used as a screening tool and also to support the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune disease. The present retrospective cross- sectional analysis aimed to study the antinuclear antibodies profile (patterns and specific antibody reactivity) amongst suspected cases of auto-immune disorders at a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study retrieved and reviewed reports of 644 patients sent for ANA testing by indirect immunofluorescence assay over a period of 1 year by different specialty departments. Positive samples were further processed for anti-ds-DNA antibody and antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen. Data collected was statistically analysed. ANA pattern positivity was observed in 31% of cases and a positive antibody reactivity was seen in 66% of them. Female predominance (82%) was noted in both pattern positivity and antibody reactivity. High levels of pattern positivity and antibody reactivity was found in the young adults (45.9%). Amongst the ANA patterns, the nuclear homogenous pattern was found the commonest. The common antibodies associated with this pattern were anti-dsDNA and U1 Sm/RNP antibodies. A stronger fluorescence intensity on initial screening showed a higher confirmation rate for specific antibodies on immunoassay. High occurrence of positive ANA patterns in autoimmune disorders suggests its utilization as a screening tool for them and would also play an adjuvant to the diagnosis. Early knowledge about future autoimmunity will earn better prognostic achievements through better treatment interventions.