绥化市居民休闲体育活动调查与分析

居民休闲体育活动已经成为人们调节自己、缓解压力、调整生活节奏、提高生活质量的生活中的重要组成。运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法,分析了绥化市居民休闲体育活动的现状及制约因素,并提出了建设休闲体育场馆、整合体育资源、加大绥化市休闲体育宣传力度、鼓励和支持居民参与到全民健身队伍中等发展对策及建议,为绥化市居民休闲体育可持续发展提供理论参考依据。     

休闲与物理学创造的双向互动性

休闲是科学诞生的基本条件之一。作为时间形态存在着的休闲（闲暇时间）是物理学创造活动得以进行的基本保证,而作为实践形态而存在的休闲则极大地推动了物理学的突飞猛进,并通过技术的中介,给人类社会带来了高度的物质文明和精神文明,反过来在延长了休闲时间的同时,又丰富了休闲的内容与方式。在当今知识爆炸时代与信息化时代,无论是对任何一门学科的教学而言,学校主管部门特别是具体授课者,都应该力求做到得心应手地给学生＂留下空间＂。因为只要有了空间,学生就不仅能够在积极向上、形式各异、多姿多彩的校园文化这个心灵的驿站中,获得精神的慰藉,从而陶冶了情操、恢复了体能、增强了交际能力;而且还能够充分利用课余的闲暇时间,在开放性、交互性、共享性、协作性和自主性的信息化环境中,积极主动地去猎取适合发展自己个性特长的有关知识,进而使他们的知识结构,能够跟得上新知识、新学科与日俱增的时代步伐。     

Contradictions around differentiation for pupils with dyslexia learning English as a Foreign Language at secondary school

This article deals with differentiation of teaching methods and extra time in class for pupils with dyslexia by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in two Greek state secondary schools. Activity theory is applied to analyse the contradictions that emerge around the issue of differentiation for pupils with dyslexia from data compiled from interviews with teachers, pupils and parents and field notes from lesson observations across two schools. The analysis shows that contradictions are created when participants try to achieve their goals for differentiation by lack of teachers’ knowledge, inadequate diagnosis, unclear school and Ministry policy, short duration of lessons and the number of pupils in class. The findings suggest the necessity of teacher training in dyslexia and the improvement of school and Ministry policy.     

成人教育脱产学生现状及其工作针对性的探索

本针对成人教育脱产学习形式的快速发展，及其学生教育、教学管理上探索与实践的不成熟；通过对成人教育脱产学生的调查分析，探索出适合成人教育脱产学生教育、教学管理的方法。     

沈从文的时间意识

沈从文的时间意识与死亡意识相生相成,构成沈从文“生命哲学”的重要而又特殊的组成部分。他认为时间的魔力巨大,能消融生命,能治疗痛苦,还能造就创作;他的时间意识停留在“过去”,具有“过去式”、“静态化”与“突变性”的特点。     

Accelerometer data requirements for reliable estimation of habitual physical activity and sedentary time of children during the early years - a worked example following a stepped approach

This study presents a worked example of a stepped process to reliably estimate the habitual physical activity and sedentary time of a sample of young children. A total of 299 children (2.9 ± 0.6 years) were recruited. Outcome variables were daily minutes of total physical activity, sedentary time, moderate to vigorous physical activity and proportional values of each variable. In total, 282 (94%) provided 3 h of accelerometer data on ≥1 day and were included in a 6-step process: Step-1: determine minimum wear-time; Step-2: process 7-day-data; Step-3: determine the inclusion of a weekend day; Step-4: examine day-to-day variability; Step-5: calculate single day intraclass correlation (ICC) (2,1); Step-6: calculate number of days required to reach reliability. Following the process the results were, Step-1: 6 h was estimated as minimum wear-time of a standard day. Step-2: 98 (32%) children had ≥6 h wear on 7 days. Step-3: no differences were found between weekdays and weekend days (P ≥ 0.05). Step-4: no differences were found between day-to-day variability (P ≥ 0.05). Step-5: single day ICC’s (2,1) ranged from 0.48 (total physical activity and sedentary time) to 0.53 (proportion of moderate to vigorous physical activity). Step-6: to reach reliability (ICC = 0.7), 3 days were required for all outcomes. In conclusion following a 7 day wear protocol, ≥6 h on any 3 days was found to have acceptable reliability. The stepped-process offers researchers a method to derive sample-specific wear-time criterion.     

焦作市居民参与休闲体育活动的现状调查与对策研究

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等,对焦作市居民参与休闲体育活动的现状进行调查研究,并提出相应的对策,以期为焦作市乃至全国居民参与休闲体育活动提供参考。     

从认知语言学角度看英汉语时间概念隐喻的差异

英汉语在“时间是空间”、“时间流逝是运动”、“时间是金钱”、“时间是实体”等主要时间概念隐喻及相应的语言表达形式中虽有很多相同之处，但也存在着差异。这些差异来源于英汉不同的认知和社会文化背景。     

One hundred and fifty years of sprint and distance running – Past trends and future prospects

Sprint and distance running have experienced remarkable performance improvements over the past century. Attempts to forecast running performances share an almost similarly long history but have relied so far on relatively short data series. Here, we compile a comprehensive set of season-best performances for eight Olympically contested running events. With this data set, we conduct (1) an exponential time series analysis and (2) a power-law experience curve analysis to quantify the rate of past performance improvements and to forecast future performances until the year 2100. We find that the sprint and distance running performances of women and men improve exponentially with time and converge at yearly rates of 4% ± 3% and 2% ± 2%, respectively, towards their asymptotic limits. Running performances can also be modelled with the experience curve approach, yielding learning rates of 3% ± 1% and 6% ± 2% for the women's and men's events, respectively. Long-term trends suggest that: (1) women will continue to run 10–20% slower than men, (2) 9.50 s over 100 m dash may only be broken at the end of this century and (3) several middle- and long-distance records may be broken within the next two to three decades. The prospects of witnessing a sub-2 hour marathon before 2100 remain inconclusive. Our results should be interpreted cautiously as forecasting human behaviour is intrinsically uncertain. The future season-best sprint and distance running performances will continue to scatter around the trends identified here and may yield unexpected improvements of standing world records.     

单片机延时方法的分析及应用

单片机开发应用中经常用到延时控制，延时控制的基本方法有纯软件、纯硬件及软硬件结合方法，它们都有各自的特点及应用范围，以1秒延时为例给出用三种方法实现的过程，并介绍了软硬件结合延时的应用实例。