Politics of digital learning—Thinking education with Bernard Stiegler

Abstract

Bernard Stiegler is known as a leading philosopher of technics. He has developed an original interpretation of technics as an externalized epiphylogenetic memory that (1) remembers in the place of the human being, who appears therefore as a forgetful being and (2) is collective and constitutes a technological community, that is different from any ethnical-political community. Stiegler has also examined the social and political consequences of contemporary technology. Technics are not neutral. Contemporary digital technologies claim to inform but more fundamentally they produce pulsions in a way that is destructive to psychic and collective individuation and leads to a generalized proletarianization, where the problem is not biopower or capitalism but lack of attention and desire. Can the digital world become a new public space? Stiegler is quite pessimistic, but in principle, to some extent, it is possible to seize and convert ‘the means of memory production.’ Stiegler's insights are invaluable in the task of evaluating new learning technologies, because he analyzes political community from the double point of view of technology, and of the care of younger generations. In this article, I present Stiegler's philosophical theory and show how it can be applied to education and digital learning environments.     

海洋教育评价的逻辑理路与指标体系

海洋教育学需要在理论研究、实践研究、智库研究和评价研究等四个方面形成合力,四方发力形成海洋教育的四维模式。其中,理论研究是基础,实践研究是应用,智库研究是服务,评价研究是保障。开展科学严谨的海洋教育评价是深入推进海洋教育实践、促进海洋教育开展必不可少的环节。基于培养人的海洋素养为主要内涵,以学校体系、社会体系、政府体系和研究体系等四类海洋教育机构作为评价对象,关注海洋教育评价中的政治与安全意识的主体性、人文与文化知识的人文性、自然海洋探索的科学性以及人与海洋良性互动的生态性。教育评价关注目标评价、过程评价和结果评价,海洋教育指标体系设计需要海洋素养理论、可持续发展理论、国际竞争力理论等理论支持。海洋教育评价需要重视海洋素养在评价中的核心概念作用。海洋素养和海洋教育观测点是海洋教育评价体系的重要依据。中国海洋教育评价（CMEE）分为内容评价、区域评价和机构评价三种类型,在当前机构评价是海洋教育评价的代表性形式。中国海洋教育机构评价指标体系（CMEIE,2020版）由品牌力、主题力、管理力与影响力4个一级指标构成,二级指标14项,三级指标45项,采取定量与定性相结合的方式,充分发挥国内外海洋教育专家等同行评价功能,严谨设计观测点,精准取样,将对于全方位了解我国海洋教育机构活动开展状况,引导海洋教育实践朝着科学化、精细化方向发展,具有重要的导向性作用,该指标体系将成为未来海洋教育机构评价的基础依据。     

基于学生任务建模的开放性问题解决环境的设计与评价

开放性问题解决环境是一种全新的互动学习环境，其设计、分析与评价是一个综合了方法论、技术、系统性等多方面因素的复杂过程。通过对国外有关文献的分析研究，介绍了与教育环境设计与评价有关的问题，概括了基于学生任务建模概念的设计与评价框架结构，并探讨了设计与评价的支持工具的可用性问题以及该框架结构在开放性问题解决教育环境的评价过程中所产生的积极作用。     

The prospects for using the Internet in collaborative design education with China

The Internet has become widely available in higher educationinstitutions all over the world offering new possibilities incommunication, collaboration and delivery. This paper examines theprospects for using the Internet in the context of collaborative designeducation with China, using the School of Design of the Hong KongPolytechnic University as a case study. The critical success factors arediscussed. These involve serious investment of resources and changes atgovernment, institutional and personal levels on both sides of thecollaborative institutions. It is important to look into theinfrastructure and policy issues, access to information technology,curriculum adaptation and instructional design as well as staff andstudent attitudes in order to achieve the collaborative objectivesthrough an Internet supported strategy. Although the Internet is a costeffective delivery mechanism, the School does not intend to deliver itsdesign course materials to China purely online. Pedagogically, theSchool believes in a dynamic interaction between real and virtuallearning environments for quality student learning. Technically, thereare many impediments to overcome before teaching staff and students arefamiliar with the use of information technology and it will take sometime before most people in China can make full access of the Internet toconnect freely to electronic education. Therefore, a hybrid approach isproposed to train design educators and practitioners in Mainland Chinaby utilising traditional face-to-face teaching method and establishedtechnologies while developing the use of the Internetgradually.     

The Effects of a Web-Based Learning Environment on Student Motivation in a High School Earth Science Course

Collaborating closely with a 10th-grade science teacher, we designed a Web-based learning environment (Web-LE) to improve student motivation to learn science. Factors believed to enhance intrinsic motivation (challenge, control, curiosity, and fantasy) were integrated into the instructional design of the Web-based learning tool. The Web-LE was implemented in the teacher’s 10th-grade classroom as a three-day student-centered learning activity. Data collection methods included individual student interviews, teacher interviews, motivation questionnaires, and observations. This study revealed multiple forms of evidence that the Web-LE and the associated learning activity improved student motivation. This study illustrates the benefits of educational researchers working closely with teachers using design-based research methods to successfully solve instructional problems and identify reusable design principles. Design principles for the integration of intrinsic motivation factors into the development of similar Web-LEs are presented as well as directions far future research.     

地下水灾害的分类及特点

长期以来人们将地下水引起的灾害问题归为地质灾害或环境灾害 ,但地下水灾害具有独特的发生机理和特征 ,且灾害发生后的治理工作将十分困难。根据地下水在灾害中的作用及影响后果 ,将地下水灾害分为地下水动力灾害、地下水化学灾害和地下水环境灾害三大类。对地下水灾害的长期性、隐蔽性、严重性和难治性等特点必须给予足够重视     

Little changes,big results: the impact of simple changes to early years learning environments

The Strengthening Foundations of Learning (SFL) project is an early years CPD intervention and part of the wider Preparing for Life (PFL) Initiative in an area of urban disadvantage in Dublin, Ireland. Working within the context of the Aistear curriculum framework, and building on research evidence on the importance of practitioners to quality Early Childhood Education (ECE), the primary aim of the project is to improve the quality of early years practice. The two-year project provides a complex training and mentoring programme to educators in order to deliver ‘the best outcomes for children’. This paper presents findings from the evaluation of the ‘learning environment’ strand. The findings indicate that the embedded nature of CPD used in the SFL project has resulted in positive changes in early years practice and pedagogical language. Mid-term results suggest that participants are providing improved early learning environments and responding to learning opportunities in a more focused and informed way.     

Effects of Problem-Based Learning on Recognition Learning and Transfer Accounting for GPA and Goal Orientation

Conflicting research results have stirred controversy over the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) compared to direct instruction at fostering content learning, particularly for novices. We addressed this by investigating effectiveness with respect to recognition learning and transfer and conducting an aptitude-treatment interaction analysis. We also examined how students' goal orientations may moderate learning in PBL and lecture/discussion environments. Participants included 197 preservice teachers in an undergraduate educational psychology course. Controlling for GPA, students in the PBL condition performed significantly better than students in the lecture/discussion condition on a transfer measure (p <.001, partial η² =.271) and equally on a recognition learning measure (p =.530). We also found an aptitude-treatment interaction for recognition learning (p =.012, partial η² =.034) but not transfer (p =.088). Results of goal orientation on learning outcomes were inconclusive.     

浅议唐代广东的海上丝绸贸易

丝绸历来是中国对外贸易的大宗商品。广东作为中国对外交往的南大门和海上丝绸之路的主要起点，在丝绸的外销中一直起着不可替代的作用。唐代是我国历史发展的一个重要时期，也是丝绸贸易由陆路向海路的转折时期，广东的丝绸贸易从产品来源、贸易范围、贸易方式到贸易管理都较前代有很大发展。     

Students’ assessment preferences, perceptions of assessment and their relationships to study results

The purposes of this study are to gain more insight into students’ actual preferences and perceptions of assessment, into the effects of these on their performances when different assessment formats are used, and into the different cognitive process levels assessed. Data were obtained from two sources. The first was the scores on the assessment of learning outcomes, consisting of open ended and multiple choice questions measuring the students’ abilities to recall information, to understand concepts and principles, and to apply knowledge in new situations. The second was the adapted Assessment Preferences Inventory (API) which measured students’ preferences as a pre-test and perceptions as a post-test. Results show that, when participating in a New Learning Environment (NLE), students prefer traditional written assessment and questions which are as closed as possible, assessing a mix of cognitive processes. Some relationships, but not all the expected ones, were found between students’ preferences and their assessment scores. No relationships were found between students’ perceptions of assessment and their assessment scores. Additionally, only forty percent of the students had perceptions of the levels of the cognitive processes assessed that matched those measured by the assessments. Several explanations are discussed.