网络舆情场中信息受众观点测度的机理及路径分析

[目的/意义]整合定性与定量的舆情研究视角,统一多模态研究对象,实现网络舆情信息受众的观点测度,可修复网络舆情分析与治理的理论与实践裂痕。[方法/过程]通过引入网络舆情场的概念,对网络舆情信息受众、受众观点测度的内涵进行诠释,就网络舆情场与信息受众观点测度的逻辑关系加以辩证讨论。[结果/结论]提出网络舆情场内舆情受众观点测度机理和具体测度路径,为后续网络舆情场中的网络舆情信息分析、多维度信息受众观点测度,受众认知规律发现,网络舆情监督和管控限制等层面的研究做相应铺垫。     

政府网站信息资源知识元模型与可视化表征研究

[目的/意义]利用知识元模型理论研究政府网站知识服务效果的优化路径,辅以可视化表征技术,以降低大数据环境下政务用户信息获取的操作负载和知识加工的认知负荷。[方法/过程]依据相关知识元模型研究推理出符合政府网站信息资源属性特征的六元组知识元表示方法和四元组知识元本体结构,采用TextRank与HDP算法分别抽取政府网站信息资源关键词和主题词,并由领域专家根据抽取结果确定知识元,构建包含知识元本体库生成和可视化知识服务的政府网站信息资源领域知识元可视化表征模型。[结果/结论]通过政府网站发布的共享单车实例检验知识元可视化表征模型的有效性和可行性,为实现政府网站粗粒度信息服务转向以知识元为单位的细粒度知识服务范式开辟了新的研究思路,可视化知识服务模式增强了政务信息导航的结构化和用户解读领域文本语义的效果。     

Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant

The Newtonian gravitational constant G, which is one of the most important fundamental physical constants in nature, plays a significant role in the fields of theoretical physics, geophysics, astrophysics and astronomy. Although G was the first physical constant to be introduced in the history of science, it is considered to be one of the most difficult to measure accurately so far. Over the past two decades, eleven precision measurements of the gravitational constant have been performed, and the latest recommended value for G published by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) is (6.674 08 ± 0.000 31) × 10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻² with a relative uncertainty of 47 parts per million. This uncertainty is the smallest compared with previous CODATA recommended values of G; however, it remains a relatively large uncertainty among other fundamental physical constants. In this paper we briefly review the history of the G measurement, and introduce eleven values of G adopted in CODATA 2014 after 2000 and our latest two values published in 2018 using two independent methods.     

基于野外测量生成GIS数据方法分析

地理信息系统的核心,就是获取数据。搜集精准数据,才能描画完备的测量图。为满足测量需求,应不断深入解析,提供实时特性的精准数据。获取的GIS数据,被用在野外范畴的测量之中。确认数据生成特有的路径,提升GIS测定的精准性,便利后续的导入数据。     

Wearable skin-like optoelectronic systems with suppression of motion artifacts for cuff-less continuous blood pressure monitor

According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, an estimated 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, representing 31% of all global deaths. Continuous non-invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) is essential for the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is difficult to achieve long-term CNAP monitoring with the daily use of current devices due to irritation of the skin as well as the lack of motion artifacts suppression. Here, we report a high-performance skin-like optoelectronic system integrated with ultra-thin flexible circuits to monitor CNAP. We introduce a theoretical model via the virtual work principle for predicting the precise blood pressure and suppressing motion artifacts, and propose optical difference in the frequency domain for stable optical measurements in terms of skin-like devices. We compare the results with the blood pressure acquired by invasive (intra-arterial) blood pressure monitoring for >1500 min in total on 44 subjects in an intensive care unit. The maximum absolute errors of diastolic and systolic blood pressure were ±7/±10 mm Hg, respectively, in immobilized, and ±10/±14 mm Hg, respectively, in walking scenarios. These strategies provide advanced blood pressure monitoring techniques, which would directly address an unmet clinical need or daily use for a highly vulnerable population.     

Preparing the Next Generation of Educational Measurement Specialists: A Call for Programs With an Integrated Scope and Sequence

The field of educational measurement has evolved considerably since the first doctoral programs were established. In response, programs have typically tacked on courses that address newly developed theories, methods, tools, and techniques. As our review of current programs evidences, this approach produces artificial distinctions among topics and techniques that are in fact a tightly coupled whole. This position paper advocates a redesign of the scope and sequence for doctoral programs focused on the preparation of the next generations of educational measurement specialists; a redesign that reflects the full life‐cycle of instrument development and use.     

Disability hate crime: persecuted for difference

This article briefly discusses the long history of violence towards disabled people which sets the context for an analysis of the modern‐day form of violence known as disability hate crime (DHC). People who look or behave differently to others often find themselves victims of violent crimes. The language used to describe disabled people contributes to their diminished position in society. A brief review of definitions of DHC and exploration of news media coverage of the Pilkington and Askew DHC cases are undertaken. Cultural scapegoating of disabled people is discussed. Disabled people are perceived as contributing to their own victimisation, the lack of support afforded to them by society and the failure of systems meant to protect them. As long as disabled people remain outside mainstream society, they are unlikely to achieve the same levels of respect and protection from crime that other groups in society are afforded.     

不具传递性偏好的效用函数表示

主要是对参与人的被选方案集作些规定以及不具传递性的偏好作一些限制,得到了一些效用函数表示结果,统一和推广了许多已知结果。     

用测量不确定度GUM表示测量误差的方法

测量不确定度GUM的评定与表示是一个较新的概念,其应用具有广泛性和实用性。用测量不确定度来表示测量误差的方法,是科技交流和国际贸易的迫切要求。它使各国进行的测量及其所得结果可以进行相互比对,以取得相互间的承认或共识,从而受到了国际组织和各国计量部门的高度重视。     

基于网络问答社区的话题识别与分析——以知乎“老年人”话题为例

[目的/意义]针对目前基于网络的话题识别与分析方法的局限性,提出针对网络问答社区的话题识别与分析方法,为此类网站的话题识别与分析提供参考。[方法/过程]以改进的中文分词技术为基础,构建网络问答社区的话题识别指标,通过线性加权方式计算权重,结合关键词提取方法确定话题关键词,对话题关注焦点进行提取,对分布情况进行测度。依据所提出的改进方法,以知乎网站为数据来源,从话题关键词、关键词分布以及热点子话题3个角度对"老年人"话题焦点进行识别与分析。[结果/结论]研究表明,该方法具有科学性和可行性,不仅拓展了社会问题的分析数据源,也为"积极开展应对人口老龄化行动"提供了决策依据。