Effectiveness of physical education to promote motor competence in primary school children

Background: Motor skill (MS) competence is an important contributing factor for healthy development.

Purpose: The goal was to test the effectiveness of primary school physical education (PE) on MS and physical fitness (PF) development.

Methods: Three classes (n?=?60, aged 9.0?±?0.9) were randomly assigned to three diverse conditions during a school year: two PE lessons/week (PE-2), three PE lessons/week (PE-3), and no PE lessons control group (CG). BMI, skinfolds, PF (9-min run/walk, sit-up, modified pull-ups), gymnastics, soccer, handball, basketball and track-and-field skills were evaluated. Effect sizes (d) were reported as magnitude of change.

Results: Skinfolds significantly increased only in CG (d?=?1.21). PF composite z-scores improved in PE-3 (d?=?0.61), but decreased in PE-2 (d?=?0.57), and had no changes in CG. Statistically significant improvement was verified in gymnastics and handball skills in both experimental groups (gymnastic: d?=?2.95 and d?=?2.61 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively; handball: d?=?1.87 and d?=?0.57 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively), and no changes were seen in CG. In soccer, there were improvements only in the PE-3 (d?=?0.55), and in basketball only in PE-2 (d?=?0.46). There were no changes in any group for track-and-field skills.

Conclusions: PE programs can effectively promote PF and MS development.     

A grounded theory of positive youth development through sport based on results from a qualitative meta-study

The overall purpose of this study was to create a model of positive youth development (PYD) through sport grounded in the extant qualitative literature. More specifically, the first objective was to review and evaluate qualitative studies of PYD in sport. The second objective was to analyze and synthesize findings from these studies. Following record identification and screening, 63 articles were retained for analysis. Meta-method analysis revealed strengths of studies were the use of multiple data collection and validity techniques, which produced high-quality data. Weaknesses were limited use of ‘named’ methodologies and inadequate reporting of sampling procedures. Philosophical perspectives were rarely reported, and theory was used sparingly. Results of an inductive meta-data analysis produced three categories: PYD climate (adult relationships, peer relationships, and parental involvement), life skills program focus (life skill building activities and transfer activities), and PYD outcomes (in personal, social, and physical domains). A model that distinguishes between implicit and explicit processes to PYD is presented.     

体育院校教师综合技能训练中心设计与应用研究 ——以广州体育学院为例

技能综合型体育教师是互联网盛行与信息爆炸时代学校体育教育的需求.通过对广州体育学院体育教师综合技能训练中心的设计思路、构建目标、建设特色以及前期应用效果进行论述,表明广州体育学院体育教师综合技能训练中心是集多场地、多学科、多功能于一体的体育术科实验室,为体育教师综合技能的培养和训练提供了良好的保障.     

试述小学体育教师知识技术传授者角色的变化

《国家基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》中谈到课程改革的目标是围绕着人的培养目标来设计和确定的。课程的功能转变,应该是改变课程过于注重知识传授的倾向,强调形成积极主动的学习态度,使获得基础知识与基本技能的过程同时成为学会学习和形成正确价值观的过程。强调了课程的功能要从单纯注重传授知识转变为体现引导学会学习,学会生存,学会做人。这一目标的提出,不仅给学校教育注入新的“活力素”,还给教师确立了新的教育目标,促使教师角色的转变。     

第三届世界杯女子足球决赛阶段射门前战术的分析

为研究射门与战术手段提供定量化的参考。对第三届世界杯女子足球决赛阶段 8场比赛进行统计分析 ,寻找女子足球运动员射门前战术运用的基本规律和特征 ,对射门与射门前战术手段运用之间的内在规律进行了探讨。结果表明 :当今世界女足制造射门机会主要手段依次为中路传切战术、斜长、传切战术。任意球、远射、角球、边路传切。D E区是制造射门和破门的最佳区域     

提高台球技战水平的训练方法探讨

以提高训练者台球技战术水平为目的 ,对台球训练中经常采用的技战术训练方法 ,分别进行了综合分析、研究 ,从而提出了几种科学、有效地掌握和提高台球技战术水平的训练方法。     

射击心理训练与发挥

射击运动员技术水平的提高是一个方面,更重要的是与比赛发挥相关联的心理能力的训练和提高。只有技术训练水平而没有发挥高水平的良好的心理能力作保证,其竞技能力永远是低下的。因此,心理技能是发挥的重要因素,因而运动竞赛的心理训练应得到非常的重视。     

论截拳道之武术观

文章从截拳道的技击思想、技击原则两个方面对其技击艺术进行了探讨,进而以此技击艺术来对照武术动作的练习,以期为习练武术者在练习武术方面提供一定的借鉴。     

体育课运动技能获得的教学实验——加速运动技能获得的新方法简介

本实验利用人为强化本体感受反馈的原理探讨一种新的加速运动技能获得的方法？实验参加青在电脑屏幕前用鼠标追踪电脑屏幕上一个移动的光点,移动光点按预定的程序作曲线运动另一子程序按每秒一百次的频率自动扫描移动光点与追踪鼠标点之间的距离,每轮追踪结束后自动计算出该轮扫描误差的标准差,移动光点与追踪鼠标点之间的距离越小,追踪误差越小随着练习次数及练习天数的增加,追踪误差会越来越小。我们发现,在保证运动连续性的条件下最大限度地增强与运动相关的主动肌、对抗肌、协同肌及支持肌自身紧张度可以加速运动技能的获得。     

运动记忆规律在游泳教学中的运用策略

针对游泳教学的特点在技术学习的泛化、分化、巩固和自动化过程采用不同的策略,对提高游泳教学效率、提高学生的游泳能力起到重要的作用。