Universality of scholarly impact metrics

Given the growing use of impact metrics in the evaluation of scholars, journals, academic institutions, and even countries, there is a critical need for means to compare scientific impact across disciplinary boundaries. Unfortunately, citation-based metrics are strongly biased by diverse field sizes and publication and citation practices. As a result, we have witnessed an explosion in the number of newly proposed metrics that claim to be “universal.” However, there is currently no way to objectively assess whether a normalized metric can actually compensate for disciplinary bias. We introduce a new method to assess the universality of any scholarly impact metric, and apply it to evaluate a number of established metrics. We also define a very simple new metric h_s, which proves to be universal, thus allowing to compare the impact of scholars across scientific disciplines. These results move us closer to a formal methodology in the measure of scholarly impact.     

Practicing Engagement

In recent years, the rapid expansion of Web 2.0 tools has opened new possibilities for audience participation in news, while “engagement” has become a media industry buzzword. In this study, we explore approaches to engagement emerging in the field based on in-depth interviews with editors at a range of news outlets from several countries, and we map these approaches onto the literature on participatory journalism and related innovations in journalism practice. Our findings suggest variation in approaches to engagement that can be arrayed along several related dimensions, encompassing how news outlets measure and practice it (e.g. with the use of quantitative audience metrics methods), whether they think about audiences as more passive or more active users, the stages at which they incorporate audience data or input into the news product, and how skeptically or optimistically they view the audience. Overall, while some outlets are experimenting with tools for more substantive audience contributions to news content, we find few outlets approaching engagement as a way to involve users in the creation of news, with most in our sample focusing mostly on engaging users in back-end reaction and response to the outlet’s content. We identify technological, economic, professional, and organizational factors that shape and constrain how news outlets practice “engagement.”     

Using growth models to monitor school performance: comparing the effect of the metric and the assessment

This paper investigates whether inferences about school performance based on longitudinal models are consistent when different assessments and metrics are used as the basis for analysis. Using norm-referenced (NRT) and standards-based (SBT) assessment results from panel data of a large heterogeneous school district, we examine inferences based on vertically equated scale scores, normal curve equivalents (NCEs), and nonvertically equated scale scores. The results indicate that the effect of the metric depends upon the evaluation objective. NCEs significantly underestimate absolute individual growth, but NCEs and scale scores yield highly correlated (r >.90) school-level results based on mean initial status and growth estimates. SBT and NRT results are highly correlated for status but only moderately correlated for growth. We also find that as few as 30 students per school provide consistent results and that mobility tends to affect inferences based on status but not growth – irrespective of the assessment or metric used.     

组织学习、知识管理与组织创新的耦合性研究

首先分析组织学习、知识管理与组织创新三者两两之间的关系,发现组织学习过程与知识管理过程是相互伴生的,组织知识存量突破一定的阈值会使得组织创新的方式发生改变,在组织创新的不同阶段伴随着不同形式的组织学习。接着,详细论述组织学习、知识管理与组织创新通过知识的获取、转移、共享和运用联系起来,在改变企业知识状态的过程中,彼此之间相互联系、相互作用,存在着耦合性关系。     

Configuration synthesis and performance evaluation metrics of lunar rover locomotion systems

A method of topology synthesis based on graph theory and mechanism combination theory was applied to the configuration design of locomotion systems of lunar exploration rovers (LER).Through topology combination of wheel structural unit,suspension unit,and connecting device unit between suspension and load platform,some new locomotion system configurations were proposed and the metrics and indexes to evaluate the performance of the new locomotion system were analyzed.Performance evaluation and comparison between two LER with locomotion systems of different configurations were analyzed.The analysis results indicate that the new locomotion system configuration has good trafficability performance.     

中美发表的国际开放获取期刊论文影响比较研究

在讨论OA论文影响的形成过程、影响因素和形成机制的基础上,本研究以中美学者发表在PLoS平台的7种OA期刊上的论文为样本,以PLoS Article-Level Metrics为工具,统计五大类指标(浏览下载量、引用量、保存量、讨论量、推荐量)的24个分指标数据,从指标相关性、不同年份、不同类型论文、不同分指标等方面,系统比较中美OA论文影响的异同。研究发现:①中美OA论文各指标间的相关性类似,被引量与浏览下载量有较高相关性,与讨论量相关性最弱。②总体上美国论文各指标值高于中国论文,讨论量、推荐量和浏览下载量相距较大,保存量则相差不大;只通过被引量衡量,低估了中美OA论文影响存在的差距。③中国论文中,中国作者为辅的论文影响指标值相对较高,中国独著的论文表现最差;美国论文中,美国作者为主的论文在多个指标值中最高。中美论文在不同分指标间也存在差异。图6。表6。参考文献50。     

生态位理论及其在农业生产中的应用

生态位理论是近年来生态学研究的热点之一。对生态位概念的发展史、生态位理论的测度和应用现状等方面进行了概述,并提出了生态位理论在农业生产实践中的一些切实有效的应用途径。     

谫议何其芳“现代格律诗”理论

在20世纪50年代关于诗的形式问题的讨论中,何其芳提出了现代格律诗理论。这种现代格律诗理论的提出有着不同于闻一多的初衷。何其芳研究新格律诗有几个参照系,即古典诗歌、民歌、国外诗歌和五四以来的新诗。何其芳的诗歌理论在关于新诗的格律的探索中有着其不可或缺的价值,但运用到诗歌写作的实践中也存在局限。     

软件构件技术的研究

软件构件技术是当前软件界研究的热点 ,而当前构件产品的开发标准仍处在探讨阶段 ,如何在实际开发中把握构件的开发标准是我们研究的重点 ,为此 ,本文通过对构件模型的阐述和比较 ,探讨了构件、构件系统的评价标准     

改进信任度的商品推荐算法研究

对于有个性化推荐需求的电子商务系统,传统协同过滤推荐算法对商品的用户项目矩阵构建比较单一,难以解决数据稀疏以及推荐结果精度较低等问题。为此,提出一种改进的基于信任度的协同过滤算法,根据用户历史行为,对用户项目评分矩阵进行细分量化,综合考虑用户间关系,引入信任因子维持用户信任关系中的非对称性,通过共同评分项计算用户评分信任度。最终融合信任度与信任因子,计算获得最佳邻居集并产生最终推荐列表。在淘宝官方UserBehavior数据集下进行实验,结果表明,该算法降低了推荐稀疏性,提高了推荐精度。