Metriken und Regeln für eine zustandsbasierte SW-Entwicklung im Automobilbereich

Zusammenfassung Im Folgenden wird ein prototypisches Werkzeug zur Qualit?tssicherung im modellbasierten Entwurf vorgestellt. Mit diesem Programm kann eine automatische überprüfung von Modellierungsregeln an zustandsbasierten Modellen erfolgen. Des Weiteren ist eine Bewertung des Gesamtsystems durch Software-Metriken m?glich. Der Prototyp namens Regel Checker wurde im Rahmen eines Automotive-Projekts entwickelt und eingesetzt. Mit Hilfe des Regel Checkers k?nnen Modellierungsregeln und Software-Metriken in OCL bzw. Java definiert werden, um Inkonsistenzen, Inkompatibilit?ten sowie Designfehler zu analysieren und zu bewerten.

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In the following, a prototypic tool is introduced for quality assurance in model-based design. Automatic checking of modelling rules in state-based models can be done with this application. Furthermore, an evaluation of the total system is possible by means of software metrics. The prototype called rule checker has been developed and used in a automotive project. With the Rule Checker, modelling rules and software metrics can be defined in OCL and/or Java in order to analyse and evaluate inconsistencies, incompatibilities as well as design errors.

CR Subject Classification D.2.2,D.2.4,D.2.8     

FAIR数据评估模型与工具研究

[目的/意义] 对比分析FAIR数据评估模型与工具,为数据建设和数据管理过程中利益相关者评估FAIR数据的遵循度提供参考。[方法/过程] 通过文献综述及模型文本的研究,从评估指标和评估方法两方面介绍国际上7个评估FAIR数据遵循度的指标模型与工具,采用比较分析法从评估方法的类型、评估方法的自动化程度、评估方法的可操作性、指标数量与分布、元数据指标设置、指标清晰度等6个方面对比分析各模型与工具。[结果/结论] 基于对比与评析结果,为选择与应用FAIR数据评估模型与工具提出"FAIRsFAIR数据对象评估+FAIR数据成熟度模型"的方案。     

精敏供应链绩效评估决策模型研究

针对精敏供应链绩效评估因子相互依存特征,建立精敏供应链绩效评估ANP-AHP模型,并运用ANP-AHP组合算法对评估模型进行权重解析,计算求得绩效决策因素、评估维度和评估因子的权重值。以汽车供应链为案例研究对象,使用ANP-AHP方法对5种典型汽车精敏供应链绩效进行评估,并研究3种不同条件下精敏供应链绩效的差异性,结果表明:供应链上不同企业为核心企业时,精敏供应链运行模式选择的差异性较大。     

Average acceleration and intensity gradient of primary school children and associations with indicators of health and well-being

ABSTRACT

Average acceleration (AvAcc) and intensity gradient (IG) have been proposed as standardised metrics describing physical activity (PA) volume and intensity, respectively. We examined hypothesised between-group PA differences in AvAcc and IG, and their associations with health and well-being indicators in children. ActiGraph GT9X wrist accelerometers were worn for 24-h·d^?1 over 7days by 145 children aged 9–10. Raw accelerations were averaged per 5-s epoch to represent AvAcc over 24-h. IG represented the relationship between log values for intensity and time. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was estimated using youth cutpoints. BMI z-scores, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak), Metabolic Syndrome risk (MetS score), and well-being were assessed cross-sectionally, and 8-weeks later. Hypothesised between-group differences were consistently observed for IG only (p < .001). AvAcc was strongly correlated with MVPA (r = 0.96), while moderate correlations were observed between IG and MVPA (r = 0.50) and AvAcc (r = 0.54). IG was significantly associated with health indicators, independent of AvAcc (p < .001). AvAcc was associated with well-being, independent of IG (p < .05). IG was significantly associated with WHtR (p < .01) and MetS score (p < .05) at 8-weeks follow-up. IG is sensitive as a gauge of PA intensity that is independent of total PA volume, and which relates to important health indicators in children.     

Six Uses of Analytics: Digital Editors’ Perceptions of Audience Analytics in the Newsroom

ABSTRACT

This article investigates how digital news editors perceive the uses and implications of audience analytics in contemporary digital newsrooms. Based on 21 interviews with digital news editors at 11 Belgian news organisations, including 7 national newspapers, one news magazine, one public and one commercial broadcaster, and one digital-born news medium, the study shows how audience analytics have become normalised in these digital newsrooms and how, in the perception of those who use them, tools for capturing audience behaviour data inform and shape their daily work practices and organisational strategies. Combining insights from literature with empirical findings, the study distinguishes six uses of audience analytics: Not only do analytics inform editorial decisions on (1) story placement, (2) story packaging, (3) story planning and (4) story imitation, but they can also serve as instruments for (5) performance evaluation and (6) audience conception. Overall, the digital news editors are convinced that audience analytics support rather than harm their journalism.     

Altmetrics工具的发展、现况及相关问题

[目的/意义]altmetrics指标是对传统文献计量指标的补充,但相关理论和实践还处于起步阶段。本文旨在总结和分析altmetrics工具在数据质量和可靠性方面存在的一些问题。[方法/过程]在概述altmetrics工具的发展基础上,系统梳理altmetrics的基本工具和聚合工具及现阶段存在的相关问题。[结果/结论]总结altmetrics工具在数据覆盖广度和强度、数据跟踪和搜集方式、上下文和人口统计特征分析、数据的甄别和处理4方面存在的相关问题,进一步提出altmetrics及ALMs数据应该遵循公开、透明和可审计3个基本原则。     

不同类型论文层面计量指标间的相关性研究

对补充计量学的研究背景进行梳理,总结出补充计量学的5个特点,并对论文层面计量指标体系和当前常用的补充计量工具进行介绍。为探究综合性指标Altmetric score与引用指标之间的关系,分别对PLOS和F1000网站中提供的论文数据和指标数据进行收集,检测两个指标之间的相关性,并对比两组实验结果。结果表明,Altmetric score与引用指标存在正相关关系,且在评价论文时具有一定的一致性。     

New seniority-independent Hirsch-type index

The following seniority-independent Hirsch-type index has been defined. A scientist has index hpd if hpd of his/her papers have at least hpd citations per decade each, and his/her other papers have less than hpd + 1 citations per decade each. In contrast with the original h-index, which steadily increases in time, hpd of a mature scientist is nearly constant over many years, and hpd of an inactive scientist slowly declines. Therefore hpd is suitable to compare the scientific output of scientists in different ages.     

Generating suggestions for queries in the long tail with an inverted index

This paper proposes an efficient and effective solution to the problem of choosing the queries to suggest to web search engine users in order to help them in rapidly satisfying their information needs. By exploiting a weak function for assessing the similarity between the current query and the knowledge base built from historical users’ sessions, we re-conduct the suggestion generation phase to the processing of a full-text query over an inverted index. The resulting query recommendation technique is very efficient and scalable, and is less affected by the data-sparsity problem than most state-of-the-art proposals. Thus, it is particularly effective in generating suggestions for rare queries occurring in the long tail of the query popularity distribution. The quality of suggestions generated is assessed by evaluating the effectiveness in forecasting the users’ behavior recorded in historical query logs, and on the basis of the results of a reproducible user study conducted on publicly-available, human-assessed data. The experimental evaluation conducted shows that our proposal remarkably outperforms two other state-of-the-art solutions, and that it can generate useful suggestions even for rare and never seen queries.     

Managing the investment in information security technology by use of a quantitative modeling

This paper presents a mathematical model for an optimal security-technology investment evaluation and decision-making processes based on a quantitative analysis of the security risks and a digital-assets assessment in an organization. The model makes use of a quantitative analysis of different security measures that counteract individual risks by identifying the information-system processes in an enterprise and the potential threats. The model comprises the target security levels for all the identified core business processes and the probability of a security accident together with the possible loss the organization may suffer. The model allows in-depth analyses and computations providing quantitative assessments of different options for investments, which translate into recommendations that facilitate the selection of the best solution and the associated decision-making. The model was tested using empirical examples and mathematical simulations with data from a real business environment.