Delineating policy mixes: Contrasting top-down and bottom-up approaches to the case of energy-storage policy in California

In the light of pressing societal challenges such as climate change and resource scarcity, scholars are increasingly interested in studying policy mixes in the context of sustainability transitions. However, despite numerous conceptual advances and empirical insights, researchers still lack universal criteria or accepted heuristics for delineating policy mixes in these complex policy spaces. We address this gap by conducting an extensive review of the literature, synthesizing best practices, and developing an analytical framework that provides researchers with two archetypical methodological approaches. The top-down approach builds on the idea that the elements of a policy mix originate from an overarching strategic intent. By contrast, the bottom-up approach starts from the definition of a focal impact domain that is affected by a range of policy instruments. For each approach, we outline a systematic analytical procedure, then implement it to scrutinize how policy affects the emerging technological domain of energy storage in California. We find that each approach has particular advantages that render it useful for certain policy mix analyses. Discussing how researchers may choose between the two approaches or leverage their complementarities, we seek to provide the basis for a consistent research program building on the policy mix framework.     

论哈萨克族叙事长诗的艺术特色

以《萨里哈与萨曼》、《巴合提亚尔的四十枝系》等作品为代表的叙事长诗的繁荣,是哈萨克族民间文学走向成熟的重要标志。哈萨克叙事长诗所表现出高超的叙事技巧、浓郁的抒情特色、浪漫主义与现实主义的完美结合,表明哈萨克民间诗人在诗歌艺术表现上达到了一个新的高度。     

论契诃夫对世界文学发展的杰出贡献

契诃夫是十九世纪后半叶杰出的批判现实主义作家，他在学领域的伟大成就对后来学的发展起着重要的导向作用，他用全新的学原则描写社会各阶层的小人物，创造了小作品大容量的艺术风格，他善于合悲剧与喜剧，成功地将旧体幽默学改造成优雅高尚的艺术，为世界学的发展作出了杰出贡献。     

氨氧化制硝酸实验探究

探索氨氧化制硝酸的最佳实验条件．从催化剂的种类、氨水的浓度、氧气浓度的选择进行对比实验．实验结果表明：以三氧化二铬、铜丝为催化剂，氨水配比1．5：1和1：1，通入空气时实验效果最佳．     

合理配料,提高水泥熟料质量

水泥的强度低，安定性不合格，主要是配料不当的原因造成的．选择合理的配料三率值是提高水泥质量的关键，合理的配料三率值是利用水泥生产技术，结合本厂原料的具体实际在生产实践中不断摸索出来的。     

泵送混凝土配合比设计的可视化研究

在总结归纳现有泵送混凝土知识的基础上，对泵送混凝土配合比设计过程进行模块化分析与设计，并采用VB6.0程序开发了泵送混凝土配合比设计的管理软件。     

服务营销组合策略在阅读推广中的实践与探索——以广西科技大学图书馆“微书评”为例

[目的/意义]针对当前阅读推广案例活动普遍存在的数量多而质量良莠不齐的现状,引入服务营销组合理论,指导图书馆更好地开展阅读推广活动。[方法/过程]将服务营销组合理论中各个关键要素重新加以整合,形成适合广西科技大学图书馆"微书评"具体案例的"7P"服务营销组合策略,即服务产品策略、服务价格策略、服务渠道策略、服务促销策略、图书馆内部营销策略、学生团队营销策略、效果评价策略。[结果/结论]通过实践和探索得出的结果显示,服务营销组合策略能够帮助图书馆明确阅读推广活动中各要素、各环节的内在联系与规律,更好地进行跨部门的合作与沟通;更有助于揭示阅读推广活动的共性和个性特征,从而提高阅读推广活动的质量,为阅读推广的实践与探索提供有益参考。     

营销理论视角下的高等学校管理

营销的实质是对需求的管理,营销理论视角下的高等学校管理要求在做总体规划之前,要对高等教育需求有较全面的了解与分析,在此基础上对高等教育市场进行细分,再以营销观念为导向规划总体发展战略,实施内部管理改革,开创品牌建设。战略的具体实施则可根据营销的4P制定相应的组合策略。     

浅析《古镜记》的叙事策略和叙事时间

《古镜记》是志怪小说走向成熟的开山之作,它具有圆融混合的结构和离奇怪异的情节,因而成为唐传奇艺术史上的奇葩。从叙事策略的角度去考察《古镜记》贯穿各自独立的单篇故事所运用的手法,分析故事情节彼此相互映衬的错综呈现的方式,从叙事时间的角度来梳理故事线索。     

Integrating structural tensions into technological innovation systems analysis: Application to the case of transmission interconnections and renewable electricity in Nova Scotia,Canada

This paper augments the technological innovation systems (TIS) framework to provide policy guidance on how to manage interactions between a core technology and its larger sectoral context. A TIS development cycle is presented that combines the TIS framework’s ability to clearly illuminate policy gaps with Erik Dahmén’s idea that technological diffusion creates structural tensions that introduce transformation pressure. This pressure can result in stagnation and unrealized development potential or spur sectoral complementarities and the evolution of a TIS into a larger “development block” of interlinked technological systems. Integrating structural tensions into TIS analysis highlights how the evolution of a focal technology induces technological complementarities and creates a need to continuously re-design policies. This underscores the continued benefit of a technology system perspective, even as a technology matures.The revised TIS framework is applied to a case study of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia that explores how variable renewable electricity diffusion introduces structural tensions with existing electricity grids, requiring the use of complementary technologies that add storage and flexibility. Nova Scotia aggressively developed wind energy and built a high-voltage direct-current transmission line to import hydroelectricity that could back-up variable renewable energy sources like wind.