下坡跑运动对骨骼肌α7β1整合素及FAK表达的影响

通过观察下坡跑运动后α7β1整合素及FAK的表达和FAK活性的变化,探讨α7β1整合素在运动重复效应中作用机制。将32只小鼠随机分为安静对照组,运动后3 h组、24 h组、8 d组。小鼠进行一次性下坡跑运动,速度为17 m/min,坡度为-20°,时间为30 min。各组于各时刻点摘眼球取血及取双侧腓肠肌。比色法检测血清CK活性,Real-time PCR检测α7β1整合素及FAK的m RNA表达,Western blot检测α7β1整合素及p FAK397的蛋白表达。结果显示一次下坡跑运动后CK活性升高显著,且在24 h增幅增大。α7 integrin m RNA在一次运动后3 h显著增加,但在24 h变化不明显,但8 d时仍增加显著,其蛋白水平在运动后3 h显著增加,虽在24 h和8 d时升高程度逐渐降低但仍呈显著。β1 integrin m RNA在一次运动后3 h显著增加,24 h及8 d变化不明显,蛋白水平在一次运动后3 h呈显著升高,24 h升高程度增加,在8 d时回复。FAK m RNA在一次运动后3 h显著增加,24 h及8 d变化不明显,p FAK397水平在一次运动后呈现显著升高,24 h升高程度降低,8 d时基本回复。结果表明α7β1整合素-FAK信号通路介导了运动重复效应。     

主动肌肉收缩对缓解运动疲劳的实验分析

目的:研究主动肌肉收缩对缓解运动疲劳的作用,对人体的适当运动对缓解肌肉疲劳有一定的调节指导意义。传统的分析方法基于蛋白质的分析方法,通过对于人体中蛋白质的详细分析和测试,推理出人体主动肌肉收缩对缓解疲劳的机理分析,但只是结果定性分析,没有详细描述机体的肌肉收缩详细过程。方法:提出一种基于主动肌肉收缩特性的方法,通过实验测试了三种不同运动状态所造成的疲劳程度,等长训练,等张训练,等动训练下的训练特性与相应的主动肌肉收缩特性,并且调查分析了不同年龄段的人群对于主动肌肉收缩下的运动疲劳缓解调节能力。结果:实验结果表明,主动肌肉收缩能够在一定程度上降低运动的疲劳感,并且随着年龄的增长,疲劳缓解调节达到预期效果的比例在逐渐降低,同时主动肌肉收缩的机理特性也在降低。结论:主动肌肉收缩对缓解运动疲劳具有很好的指导意义。     

不同时程下[Ca2+]i介导骨骼肌微细损伤与修复的机制及针刺的干预作用

目的:观察离心运动介导骨骼肌微损伤与修复过程,肌细胞不同微区钙离子浓度变化所起的作用,以及肌浆网钙释放通道兰尼定受体(RyR)的调控信号。方法:114只雄性SD大鼠,分为离心运动(E组,36只)、离心运动+针刺(EA组,36只)、单纯针刺(A组,36只)和安静对照(C组,6只)。E、EA和A组在运动后即刻、6、12、24、48、72 h取材,电镜观察结构,能谱分析Z线和H区钙元素,WB观察磷酸二酯酶-4-D3(PDE4D3)和FK506绑定蛋白12(FKBP12)表达。结果:E与EA组Z线附近的钙离子浓度在运动后即刻和恢复期的12~72 h呈2次上升趋势,其中EA组第2次上升更早且明显。1次离心运动不能破坏RyR的稳定性。结论:运动后即刻的[Ca2+]i升高介导导了损伤,而运动后12~72 h内的第2次[Ca2+]i升高与组织修复有关,此升高非RyR不稳产生"钙漏"而导致的破坏性"钙超载"。研究价值:本研究发现离心运动过后72 h内不同时间段内,钙离子升高具有截然不同的效应,为肌肉损伤和恢复的钙机制研究提供新的方向。     

Effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting

This study aimed to investigate the effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting. Eight male sprinters performed maximal-effort sprints in two trunk positions: forward lean and upright. A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model was used to compute the musculotendon lengths and velocity of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles during the sprinting gait cycle. The musculotendon lengths of all the three hamstring muscles at foot strike and toe-off were significantly greater during the forward trunk lean sprint than during the upright trunk sprint. In addition, a positive peak musculotendon lengthening velocity was observed in the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscles during the late stance phase, and musculotendon lengths at that instant were significantly greater during the forward trunk lean sprint than during the upright trunk sprint. The present study provides significant evidence that a potential for hamstring muscle strain injury involving forward trunk lean sprinting would exist during the stance phase. The results also indicate that the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscles are stretched during forward trunk lean sprinting while contracting eccentrically in the late stance phase; thus, the elongation load on these muscles could be increased.     

Impact of age on haematological markers pre- and post-marathon running

This study investigated whether haematological markers differ between young and masters marathon participants, running at similar performance levels. Nine young (31.89 ± 4.96 years) and eight masters (63.13 ± 4.61 years) runners participated. At five time points (pre-race through 54 h post-race), a complete blood cell count, basic metabolic panel and creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme panel were assessed. Race performance was standardised using the World Masters Association Age Grading Performance Tables. Total CK levels were elevated for all participants at all time points post-race (P < 0.001). The CK-isoenzyme MB% was elevated across groups at 6, 30 and 54 h post-race (P < 0.01, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), with masters runners having a higher CK-MB% at 30 and 54 h (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). Total white blood cell and neutrophil counts were elevated through 6 h post-race (P < 0.001), with higher levels found in younger runners (P < 0.001). When considering all blood work, masters runners had a higher number of abnormal values at 6, 30 and 54 h post-race (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). In conclusion, masters runners demonstrated sustained CK-MB elevation, which may suggest greater cardiac stress. However, future studies using additional cardiac markers should be completed to confirm these findings. In addition, masters runners showed an increased number of laboratory values outside normal range, indicating the body’s reduced capacity to respond to marathon running.     

Temporal specificity of training: intra-day effects on biochemical responses and Olympic-Weightlifting performances

The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of an Olympic-Weightlifting session training at three times of the day on the performance related to biochemical responses. Nine weightlifters (21 ± 0.5 years) performed, in randomised order, on three Olympic-Weightlifting training (snatch, clean and jerk) sessions (08:00 a.m., 02:00 p. m., 06:00 p. m.). Blood samples were collected: before, 3 min and 48 h after each training session. Haematological parameters and markers of muscle injury were assessed. Resting oral temperature and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also assessed during each session. ANOVA showed that the performance was better (P < 0.001) at 02:00 p. m. with a less RPE (P < 0.01) compared to the morning and the evening sessions while there was higher (P < 0.05) oral temperature at 06:00 p. m. versus 08:00 a.m. and 02:00 p. m. Muscle damage changed immediately (without significant effect after 48 h) after the training sessions with lower values ??in the evening compared to the morning. In conclusion, the afternoon training is more effective than morning or evening sessions for weightlifters. Therefore, coaches and weightlifters should be advised to schedule their training session in the afternoon hour.     

况周颐《存悔词》足本、删定本考论

《存悔词》是况周颐刊印的第一本词集。从1879年至1925年,况周颐不断对其删、增、改、定,故传世的《存悔词》有足本、删定本之分。由于其滞后的文献整理,目前学术界仅参引其删定本。《存悔词》计有足本2种、删定本1种,收录词集自序2篇、词作69首。这些不同版本的《存悔词》,有利于我们深入了解况周颐的词创作、词学理论的演变。《存悔词》所录词作抒发性灵,轻倩流慧,具有一定文学价值;同时,它为研究况周颐及其词学、近代文学提供宝贵资料,具有重要的文献价值;此外,词集自序及删改过程,蕴含丰富的词学理论,具有较高的学术价值。     

基于多变量优化MGM(1,n)模型的郑州市用水量预测

用水量是城市发展水平的重要评价指数。鉴于用水量系统复杂性和非线性的特征,结合郑州市居民用水量的历史数据,通过建立优化背景值的MGM(1,n)模型,实例预测郑州市2008至2015年用水量需求并指出城市居民用水量发展趋势。     

肌肉运动疲劳的生物标志物研究进展

肌肉疲劳是指在进行肌肉收缩活动期间产生的做功能力下降现象,在运动过程中很常见,也是限制运动员提高成绩的主要原因之一。肌肉疲劳产生生物标志物可以评估在运动期间肌肉的疲劳程度和运动对骨骼肌的影响。肌肉疲劳主要是由于能量物质耗尽,氧化应激增加,炎症反应激活等机制造成的。此外,还涉及了脱水、高氨血症、线粒体生物发生和遗传反应,文章通过梳理,把肌肉疲劳的生物标志物分为两类:一类是非侵入式的生物标志物,主要包括肌肉功率输出测量、电生理测量、心脏功能测量和摄氧量等;另一类是侵入式的生物标志物,主要包括ATP代谢、氧化应激和炎症等相关的生化指标。以期对以后运动疲劳的诊断和新的生物标志物的开发提供有价值的信息。