Future Technologies,Dystopic Futures and the Precautionary Principle

It is sometimes suggested that new research in such areas as artificial intelligence, nanotechnology and genetic engineering should be halted or otherwise restricted because of concerns about possible catastrophic scenarios. Proponents of such restrictions typically invoke the precautionary principle, understood as a tool of policy formulation, as part of their case. Here I examine the application of the precautionary principle to possible catastrophic scenarios. I argue, along with Sunstein (Risk and Reason: Safety, Law and the Environment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002) and Manson (Environmental Ethics, 24: 263–274, 2002), that variants of the precautionary principle that appear strong enough to support significant restrictions on future technologies actually lead to contradictory policy recommendations. Weaker versions of the precautionary principle, which do not have this feature, do not appear strong enough to support restrictions on future technologies.     

纳米技术和纳米材料制备技术研究进展

纳米技术正以惊人的速度发展并改变着社会生产和人们生活的方式。本文从纳米材料的定义、分类和特性出发，综述了纳米技术及纳米材料制备技术的研究进展，探讨了存在的问题，展望了其应用前案。     

DNA计算在信息安全领域的影响与应用

基于DNA纳米技术的各种超分子体(功能单元),能实现信息存储、计算、移动和靶向送药等功能,其纳米结构的控制精度达到了原子级。基于DNA纳米技术的信息存储和计算模式,具有高度并行性、高密度和低能耗,天生适用于大量信息的存储和并行处理。面对这种新兴的计算模式,人们研究和开发了各种计算模型,讨论其对传统密码体系的影响和DNA存储信息的安全问题,包括密钥搜索、信息加密、信息隐藏及认证等。文章综述了基于DNA纳米技术的各种计算模型对传统加密算法的影响,概述了利用DNA纳米技术进行加密解密、认证签名的方案和技术,总结了当前基于DNA纳米技术的信息安全领域研究中存在的问题并展望了DNA计算及其在信息安全和存储领域的应用前景。     

国际纳米科技文献产出分析研究

本文从文献计量研究的视角，分析归纳了国内外近年在纳米科技研发方面的国际核心期刊论文与专利的产出结果，探讨了纳米科技的最新发展态势，提出了加强纳米科技文献分析研究，特别是专利文献分析研究的具体思路和方案。     

浅析纳米模具的制作材料及表面处理技术

现今模具制造向大型和超精微加工两方面发展,在大型加工方面,已经形成比较成熟的制造工艺;而在超精微加工方面,纳米产品需求成几何级上升。如何应用先进的纳米制造技术于模具制造,使得超精微加工形成产业化并与全球模具先进技术同步,这是模具行业的发展趋势。     

新兴领域学科会聚发展趋势的测度方法及应用

探索新兴学科会聚发展趋势的测度方法与指标,有助于我们把握新兴领域的发展趋势,理解新兴学科形成与演进的机理,对国家前沿交叉学科发展的战略部署,具有重要的决策支撑作用。基于科学技术会聚发展的理论,提出新兴领域学科会聚发展趋势的测度指标与方法,并对纳米科技的学科会聚指数进行了实证分析。结果显示,纳米科技学科会聚指数远远高于SCI-E数据库中整体学科会聚指数,纳米科技发展过程中呈现出发散与收敛等特征。测度方法具有广泛的应用性,实证分析结果对纳米科技发展的决策具有重要的指导意义。     

A model for the development of university curricula in nanoelectronics

Nanotechnology is having an increasing impact on university curricula in electrical engineering and in physics. Major influencers affecting developments in university programmes related to nanoelectronics are discussed and a model for university programme development is described. The model takes into account that nanotechnology affects not only physics but also electrical engineering and computer engineering because of the advent of new nanoelectronics devices. The model suggests that curriculum development tends to follow one of three major tracks: physics; electrical engineering; computer engineering. Examples of European curricula following this framework are identified and described. These examples may serve as sources of inspiration for future developments and the model presented may provide guidelines for a systematic selection of topics in the university programmes.     

纳米科技引领绿色印刷新时代——变革性纳米产业制造技术聚焦纳米绿色印刷与器件制造技术项目研究进展

发展纳米制造技术是从纳米材料到器件规模化制造与应用发展的核心内容。传统的印刷技术主要是基于感光和刻蚀工艺,造成严重的环境污染和资源浪费。绿色印刷是一种增材制造技术,可以从源头大幅度降低能耗和减少环境污染。开发绿色印刷制造技术对我国相关产业的可持续发展具有重要的战略意义。同时,绿色印刷制造与传统微纳加工方法的结合,为器件的制造与集成提供了新的可能途径与方法,可望对产业制造技术产生变革性影响。文章介绍了纳米绿色印刷与器件制造技术项目的研究背景、项目目标与实施概况,以及已经取得的创新成果。     

基于专利技术共现网络的纳米技术演化路径研究

基于技术共现网络分析方法,利用专利的IPC分类(国际专利分类)及其所属的技术领域信息,构建纳米技术演化路径分析框架;采用美国专利和商标局(USPTO)专利数据,分析纳米技术分支领域的演化路径,考察纳米技术与相关技术领域融合发展的实现模式,揭示纳米技术演化的规律,为我国纳米技术发展战略设计提供一定参考。     

Nature,nurture and neuroscience: some future directions for historians of education

Following a short introduction this article is divided into three main sections. The first provides definitions and brief histories of the nature-nurture debate and of neuroscience. The second section shows how in recent decades neuroscientific research has impacted on the debate with particular reference to our understanding of human intelligence and IQ. The third section examines findings from futurology and transhumanism. The article concludes that current developments in the neurosciences and in technology have rendered the traditional nature-nurture debate obsolete and that historians of education have a duty to engage in the shaping of possible, probable and preferable futures.