体操教学中学生专项身体素质与运动损伤的相关分析

通过对体育系学生体操专项身体素质与运动损伤的分析研究，表明二者有接近负直线相关关系。即专项身体素质优的群体则运动损伤率低；相反，专项身体素质劣的群体则运动损伤率高     

Compressive properties of helmet materials subjected to dynamic impact loading of various energies

Abstract

Many helmet safety standards require children's helmets to be tested using adult-weighted headforms of approximately 5 kg and impact velocities representative of adult anatomy. The purpose of this study was to test the individual and combined effect of variable headform mass and inbound headform velocity on helmet test results. Testing was conducted on sample sections of helmet liner materials commonly used in multi- and single-impact helmets. Three densities of expanded polystyrene and expanded polypropylene were moulded into 2.54-cm thick foam blocks and cut into circular samples with a 5-cm diameter. Each sample was impacted once using an EN 960 magnesium K1A headform of variable mass on a monorail apparatus in the crown position. A total of 25 impact conditions were used: 5 headform masses and 5 inbound velocities. A PCB 203B force sensor collected force data at 20 kHz in the y-axis of the impact and a 1000-Hz low-pass Butterworth filter was applied during analysis. A three-way analysis of variance revealed significant main effects for headform mass, inbound velocity, and material density on peak linear acceleration (P<0.01). Inbound velocity and headform mass played a significant role in material performance. It is proposed that the headform mass and inbound velocity used in helmet testing protocols be representative of the intended age group to improve the performance range and safety of sport helmets.     

Sport injuries as the main cause of sport career termination among Finnish top-level athletes

Abstract

Injuries are common among athletes, and are sometimes so severe that they affect an athlete's career in sport. As studies on sport career termination are few, we conducted a study to investigate the role of injuries as a reason for ending a sport career. The study group consisted of 574 male and female top-level cross-country skiers, swimmers, long-distance runners and soccer players who responded to a retrospective postal questionnaire in 2006. Twenty-seven athletes (4.9%, 27/548) reported ending their sport career because of injury. A follow-up interview was conducted by telephone in 2007 (n=20 volunteered to be interviewed) to confirm sport career termination and the reasons for this. Fifteen of the interviewed athletes terminated and five continued their sport on the same level as earlier. Female athletes (12/15) terminated their sport career more frequently than male athletes (3/15). Athletes who reported terminating their sport career because of injury were on average two and a half years older (24.1 years vs. 21.6 years, P=0.006) than athletes who continued the sport. All the swimmers (n=5) who were interviewed terminated their career because of a shoulder injury. All the soccer players who ended their career (n=4) were female and had a severe knee injury, such as anterior cruciate ligament injury. Most of the athletes who terminated their sport career (70.4%, 19/27) reported that the injury caused them mild or moderate permanent disability. We found that sports injuries play a significant role in terminating a career in sport, and in some sports events injuries may commonly be the main reason for sport career termination. Injury prevention and adequate treatment and rehabilitation of injuries are thus essential to avoid the long-term consequences of severe sport injuries.     

Does inside passing contribute to the high incidence of groin injuries in soccer? A biomechanical analysis

Groin injuries are common in soccer and often cause time-loss from training. While groin injuries have been linked to full effort kicking, the role of inside passing is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate hip joint kinematics and muscle force, stress and contraction velocity for adductor longus and gracilis during inside passing. 3D kinematics of ten soccer players (23.4 yrs; 77.5 kg; 1.81 m) were captured with a motion capture system inside a Footbonaut. Muscle force and contraction velocity were determined with AnyBody Modelling System. Gracilis muscle forces were 9% lower compared to adductor longus (p = 0.005), but muscle stress was 183% higher in gracilis (p = 0.005). Contraction velocity reveals eccentric contraction of gracilis in the last quarter of the swing phase. Considering the combination of eccentric contraction, high muscle stress and the repetitive nature of inside passing, gracilis accumulates high loads in matches and training. These results indicate that the high incidence of groin injuries in soccer could be linked to isolated pass training. Practitioners need to be aware of the risk and refrain from sudden increases in the amount of pass training. This gives the musculoskeletal system time to adapt and might avoid career threatening injuries.     

The association of bike fitting with injury,comfort, and pain during cycling: An international retrospective survey

Although bike fitting is recommended to help reduce injury risk, little empirical evidence exists to indicate an association between bike fitting and injury incidence. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of bike fitting on self-reported injury, comfort, and pain while cycling from a worldwide survey of cyclists. A total of 849 cyclists completed an online questionnaire between February and October 2016. Questionnaire collected data on respondent demographics, cycling profile, bike fitting, comfort and pain while cycling, and injury history. The main predictor variable was bike fitting (yes, by the respondent, i.e. user bike fitting; yes, by a professional service; or no). Covariates included demographic and cycling profile characteristics. Logistic regression models estimated the odds of injury within the last 12 months, reporting a comfortable body posture while cycling, and not reporting pain while cycling. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. User bike fitting was associated with increased odds of reporting a comfortable posture (OR?=?2.28, 95%CI: 1.06, 4.68). User (OR?=?2.35; 95%CI: 1.48, 3.84) and professional bike fitting (OR?=?2.35; 95%CI: 1.42, 3.98) were both associated with increased odds of not reporting pain while cycling. No associations were found between bike fitting and injury within the last 12 months. In conclusion, we found an association between bike fitting and reported comfort and pain while cycling. We recommend integrating bike fitting into cycling maintenance. However, further studies with longer follow-up are necessary to determine the presence of an association between bike fitting and injury.     

运动与白细胞介素-6

采用文献资料分析法，总结了白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的最新研究成果。结果表明，运动能够诱导局部工作的肌肉产生IL-6，并可能参与调节和运动有关的代谢变化。     

跆拳道运动员膝关节损伤的运动生物力学分析

重点对跆拳道运动中的膝关节运动进行了生物力学分析，目的在于从生物力学角度揭示跆拳道运动员膝关节损伤的内在机制，为跆拳道训练、教学、比赛中运动损伤的治疗与康复提供理论依据。     

《民法典》施行背景下足球伤害法律适用的新发展

在《中华人民共和国民法典》（以下简称《民法典》）施行背景下,足球伤害法律适用出现了新发展,对足球治理带来新挑战和新影响。就足球伤害的侵权归责原则而言,过去广为适用的公平责任原则不再适用,这将极大地增强社会足球和校园足球活动参加者、组织者的信心。《民法典》第1176条第1款明确规定了文体活动自甘风险规则的构成要件,对于足球运动参加者明确足球伤害法律适用规则提出了新要求。在三阶层的体育伤害侵权构造下,足球伤害的法律适用将从构成要件该当性、违法性和有责性三个层次递次考量。其中,对于作为违法阻却要件的自甘风险规则认定和作为有责性组成部分的重大过失认定将成为《民法典》时代足球伤害法律适用的核心议题。     

广西大学生足球运动损伤的调查分析及对策

运用问卷调查法、比较分析法、访谈法,对广西师范大学三个不同层次学生的足球运动损伤部位、损伤类型和发生损伤的原因进行分析,结果显示:损伤多出现在膝关节、踝关节和肘关节;主要损伤类型依次为擦伤、挫伤、扭伤和拉伤;产生损伤最主要的因素是粗野的犯规动作、准备活动不充分两个原因。建议:加强学生思想品德教育,弘扬体育道德风尚;提高认识,强化管理;全面提高学生身体素质,增强自我保护意识;切实做好有效的医务监督。     

顺应动态竞争:高校对复合型体育旅游人才的培养战略

体育与旅游的有机结合,造就了一个新兴的市场群落——体育旅游市场。而快速发展的体育旅游市场处于动态竞争环境中。发展体育旅游,必须要重视人才培养。采用文献资料法、专家访谈法和问卷调查法,对我国体育旅游人才培养的现状进行分析,阐明高校应顺应动态竞争市场的需要,设计新型的具有高素质、高技能、复合型体育旅游人才培养模式,并在此基础上建构培养体育旅游人才的课程体系。