The experience of violence against children in domestic servitude in Haiti: Results from the Violence Against Children Survey,Haiti 2012

BackgroundThere have been estimates that over 150,000 Haitian children are living in servitude. Child domestic servants who perform unpaid labor are referred to as “restavèks.” Restavèks are often stigmatized, prohibited from attending school, and isolated from family placing them at higher risk for experiencing violence. In the absence of national data on the experiences of restavèks in Haiti, the study objective was to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of restavèks in Haiti and to assess their experiences of violence in childhood.MethodsThe Violence Against Children Survey was a nationally representative, cross-sectional household survey of 13–24 year olds (n = 2916) conducted May–June 2012 in Haiti. A stratified three-stage cluster design was used to sample households and camps containing persons displaced by the 2010 earthquake. Respondents were interviewed to assess lifetime prevalence of physical, emotional, and sexual violence occurring before age 18. Chi-squared tests were used to assess the association between having been a restavèk and experiencing violence in childhood.FindingsIn this study 17.4% of females and 12.2% of males reported having been restavèks before age 18. Restavèks were more likely to have worked in childhood, have never attended school, and to have come from a household that did not have enough money for food in childhood. Females who had been restavèks in childhood had higher odds of reporting childhood physical (OR 2.04 [1.40–2.97]); emotional (OR 2.41 [1.80–3.23]); and sexual violence (OR 1.86 [95% CI 1.34–2.58]) compared to females who had never been restavèks. Similarly, males who had ever been restavèks in childhood had significantly increased odds of emotional violence (OR 3.06 [1.99–4.70]) and sexual violence (OR 1.85 [1.12–3.07]) compared to males who had never been restavèks, but there was no difference in childhood physical violence.InterpretationThis study demonstrates that child domestic servants in Haiti experience higher rates of childhood violence and have less access to education and financial resources than other Haitian children. These findings highlight the importance of addressing both the lack of human rights law enforcement and the poor economic circumstances that allow the practice of restavèk to continue in Haiti.     

A Rational Examination of Integrating “Classics” into University General Education Curriculum: An Empirical Survey Based on N University

Abstract

The power of general education curriculum comes from the enduring classics. The authors apply research methods such as questionnaire survey, interview, and observation to investigate the state of general education curriculum implementation at N University and analyze problems faced by incorporating classics. Based on this, the authors propose that universities should rationally review the practical value of “classics” in general education and enhance the effective integration of classics into general education curriculum by improve the texts for teaching, instruction methods, teaching personnel, and assessment modes, to achieve general education’s objective of cultivating the “whole person.”     

Examining the perceived value of professional judgement and decision-making in mountain leaders in the UK: a mixed-methods investigation

This paper utilised a two-part mixed-methodology to examine the value placed on judgement and decision-making by a sample of qualified mountain leaders in the UK. Qualified leaders (N = 331) completed a web-based survey and a smaller sample (N = 8) were then interviewed. Survey data showed that mountain leaders place greater value on their judgements and decision-making when compared to the technical skills of mountain navigation and rope work; however, the process for developing these judgement skills was unclear. Interview data identified that judgement skills appear transferrable from other domains experienced by the leaders (e.g. emergency services, military) but are then recontextualised and modified for effective use within mountain leadership. The leaders facilitated this via a nested reflective process that combines in-action, on-action and on-action/in-context aspects that rely on metacognition. This combination of reflection and metacognition allows for rapid development of judgement making skills in-context. Implications for mountain leadership training are discussed.     

科技期刊学术不良行为认知与管控研究——基于作者、编辑和审稿专家的问卷调查分析

【目的】 分析学术不良的行为表现、原因及责任主体,并提出管控措施。【方法】 论文以作者、编辑和审稿专家为调查对象,围绕科技期刊学术不良行为总体态度和认知、学术不良行为表现认知和学术不良行为产生的原因及主要责任主体认知三个问题,对科技期刊学术不良行为进行调查研究。【结果】 科技期刊学术不良行为已引起广泛关注,作者、编辑和审稿专家均持抵制态度;对科技期刊学术不良行为表现的认知局限于学术腐败、学术道德和学术规范层面,而对学术评价体系和价值导向层面关注不够;科技期刊学术不良行为产生的原因是多元的,以往多关注作者、编辑和审稿专家方面的主观行为,忽视了学术评价标准及价值导向等客观方面的不足,导致科技期刊作者发文目的偏差;从学术不良行为责任主体来看,作者本人、大学和科研机构评价体制以及学术监管部门的客观责任主体比直接参与的编辑和审稿专家的主体责任更大。【结论】 应从价值观塑造、评估体系优化、行为监管加强、学术素养培养等方面进行综合管控和防范,以杜绝科技期刊学术不良行为发生。     

震后羌族聚居地传统体育的考察与重建思考

研究立足于汶川、理县、茂县三个羌族文化特色相对突出的羌族聚居地的实地调研,对地震后羌族传统体育进行考察描述了羌族传统体育的现有特征,在此基础上提出了重建羌族传统体育的思路.     

网络调查法在体育调查中的应用研究

运用文献资料、访谈和数理统计等方法,结合体育网络调查实践、对网络调查法的概念、分类、应用流程和问卷制作的流程进行探讨,并对体育调查中的网络调查法进行了归类分析。在与其他传统方式进行对比分析的基础上,揭示了网络调查法的特点。最后对网络调查法及其在体育调查领域的发展进行了探讨,得出了几点启示。旨在为网络调查研究在体育调查研究中的应用提供一定的理论参考,促进网络调查方法在体育调查领域的发展。     

上海市优秀运动员社会融入的调查与分析——以上海市为例

采用问卷调查等研究方法,对上海市优秀运动员群体的社会认知现状进行调查,并对运动训练过程中运动员文化学习与掌握社会技能的必要性等六个方面展开分析,得出了上海市优秀运动员受到了训练环境封闭、社会隔离程度大、社会认知途径狭窄等结论,并提出了运动员要掌握一些社会操作技能、正确理解运动员的社会保障政策等建议。     

从和谐社会建设的角度审视体育本质和体育地位

改革开放以来,体育理论界在关于体育本质和体育地位的争论中,有一些张冠李戴、以偏概全的偏差。体育是人们以自己有意识的身体运动来增强体质、追求更好状态的活动。从和谐社会建设的角度来审视,体育就是和谐社会的元素;以宽广的视野来考察,体育的作用领域越宽广,其本质特征愈抽象;体育向生产生活中渗透越多,其地位日益重要。     

体育俱乐部教学模式对大学生体质的影响

利用文献法、实验法、问卷调查法等就体育俱乐部教学模式对大学生体质的影响进行研究。研究结果表明：对照组实验后男女生的身体素质各项指标的值同实验前比较均有变化,女生800m成绩有一定程度的下降;实验组实验后男女生的身体素质各项指标同实验前比较均有变化,且大部分指标的变化具有非常显著性,说明体育俱乐部教学模式促进了大学生体质的提高。     

基于现状调查的高校图书馆机构设置优化模式构建

通过对75所教育部直属高校图书馆机构设置的现状进行网络调查,分析目前高校图书馆在机构设置方面存在的问题,构建一个优化的高校图书馆机构设置模式。该模式将读者服务部置于整个图书馆的中心,由文献资源建设部的学科采集馆员、读者服务部各学科文献库的馆员、参考咨询部的学科咨询馆员等共同为读者组建一张全方位、“一条龙”式的信息服务网。