从实用主义德育理论到品格教育——美国道德教育理论的演变

美国是当代西方极为重视德育研究的国家之一.杜威的实用主义德育理论、柯尔伯格的道德认知发展理论、价值澄清学派的德育方法和"品格教育",是美国影响最大的几种理论和方法,对美国德育产生了不可磨灭的影响.从美国这几种道德教育理论和方法的演变来看,杜威实用主义德育理论影响很远,它不但对美国的道德教育产生了并将继续产生重大影响,而且在世界范围产生了并将继续产生重大影响.     

A Possible Approach to Introduce Word Memorizing Methods into College English Teaching

Words acquisition should be the most decisive and basic part, though modern English education does not take enough attention, especially in college English teaching. A recent survey on the Internet reveals that college students are worrying about their words power very much, eager to find an efficient and effective way. Hence, various modes of word memorizing methods are collected and a brief classification and remark are available. By an overall analysis of those methods, a new approach compromised by different kinds of methods turns out. This new approach completely abides by the philosophy of pragmatism, and every idea with practical use will be introduced to it, e.g. psychology of language and so on.     

Continuities and Developments in Research into the Education of Pupils with Learning Difficulties

This paper surveys a sample of current research into the education of pupils with learning difficulties. Examples of the three major established research traditions are discussed, namely the psycho-medical, organisational and sociological traditions. It is argued that much of this work seeks to extend the theoretical framework associated with one or another of these traditions, but fails to overcome the common limitation of reductionism. An emerging current of work is identified which adopts an anti-reductionist perspective. The characteristics of the new approach are illustrated, and a specific need for further search within this framework, focusing on the dynamics of the school development process, is identified.     

行为主义哲学基础上的实用主义艺术——论西方资本主义现代派艺术的实质

20世纪经历了两次世界大战,西方形形色色的哲学思潮极大地影响着艺术,出现的各种标新立异的现代派艺术,不仅违背了艺术的根本原则,而且走向了背离现实主义的极端。其中活跃的“行为主义”造就的“实用主义艺术”是一个典型代表,它所反映的帝国主义意识,在艺术中用利益和效用的概念改变了艺术的价值取向与作用。作为社会意识形式的艺术,是由具体社会形态所产生。西方资本主义政治上的霸权、经济上的垄断,产生了没落的、反人道的艺术,这种艺术进入新时代必将让位于符合社会进步利益的现实主义艺术。     

Peace Journalism for Conflict Reporting: Insights from Pakistan

ABSTRACT

This study proposes a classification framework for conflict journalism with respect to its potential for conflict escalation and de-escalation in Pakistan—a country marred by a number of deadly conflicts. While building on the existing literature, the study proposes the varying levels of intensity of a conflict and the resulting escalatory and de-escalatory coverage as important factors in the process. Through content analysis and focus group discussion, it was found that de-escalatory coverage is inversely proportional to the intensity of a conflict in terms of its perceived threats to national security. Secondly it was found that the coverage was spread across a range of thematic frames though certain perspectives got more prominence as compared to others. Noting the variations in the presence of peace journalism, the study concludes that critical pragmatic approach to peace journalism is better suited to address queries relating to its theory and practice than other approaches because it accommodates the retention of peace as a value and at the same is pragmatic and hence honors the requirements of journalistic profession.     

Pragmatism, Ideology and Educational Change: The Case of Special Educational Needs

A major theme of recent debate and policy development in the area of special education is that of inclusion: the placement of all pupils in mainstream schools and the development of curriculum and pedagogy to meet the needs of all. Analysis of national statistical data shows some movement in this direction, but of a slow and very uneven kind. An exploration of the concepts of pragmatism to describe an important aspect of LEA decision making and of ideology to describe an important aspect of pressures for inclusion helps to explain this pattern of development. The paper concludes that both approaches require further systematic empirical data on the outcomes of different patterns of educational provision.     

足球道德： 一种贯穿于东西方球迷心理中的恒定秩序

足球并非一种古典式身体修炼方式,作为群体运动,它具备了凝聚人心的功能,现代工业化社会所提倡的团队精神在足球的世界里得以回应。足球传入中国后,足球的道德律立即派生出高度的实用主义意蕴,并逐渐使得中国球迷衍生一种冲出亚洲、走向世界的工具理性,足球由此成为中国球迷的道德器具。在道德主义的语境下,足球在很多中国球迷的心目中成了实用之物,这背离了足球的本义。足球的道德性与宗教性有差异,具体体现在喜剧性与悲剧性的差异层面。中国人认为足球是喜剧,并由此萌生足球有德的理念;西方人认为足球是悲剧,只有救赎功能。中国人认为足球是道德,而西方人认为足球是宗教。近代以来中国足球界所存在的诸多特殊现象都源于此认知矛盾。足球原本是一种苦难的象征,可以给球迷带来自我救赎的体验,这便是足球的本意,也是足球超越工具理性的地方。     

由＂议礼派＂思想看明中叶儒学经世思潮的复兴

明中叶是重要的历史转型期,在思想上主要体现为程朱理学的衰落及各种思潮的产生。在此背景下,儒家＂经世致用＂的思想传统重新受到重视,并在部分士人的推动下形成一时潮流。嘉靖初年活跃于政坛的＂议礼派＂官员,正是这一思想的重要代表。他们提倡＂黜虚崇实＂与＂体用结合＂,重视思想上的诚敬与行动上的笃行相结合,并以复古作为其学术上务实、政治上革新的有效途径,同时抨击宋明理学＂灭人欲＂的道德观,主张义利并重,这些内容都与明中后期经世思想的主体相吻合,从而具有一定的代表性。晚明的经世思潮不仅是批判理学和王学的思想武器,更引发了整个社会重视实学实用的经世风潮,一直延续到明清之际。     

论清教徒文化对美利坚民族性格的塑造

源于《圣经》的清教文化塑造了美利坚民族的务实创新和霸权性格,对美国的成长和发展起到了深刻而久远的影响.文章跟踪清教徒的足迹,从三个方面论述了清教文化对美利坚民族性格的塑造.