“求真”与“求用”之间：通识教育的理念困境及破解

通识教育引入我国已近三十年,国内的各类大学在开展通识教育的过程中都遭遇到了一定程度的困难。为尝试破解目前的困境,需要从理念上厘清通识教育与自由教育和文化素质教育之间的关系,认识到通识教育更加侧重于教育对象的大众性、教育内容的多元性和教育方法的通融性。理性主义、民主主义和实用主义是通识教育三张重要的标签。在这三种理念的指引下,我国在推行通识教育改革的过程中应更加注重学生批判性思维能力的训练、探索多样化的通识教育实施途径、开拓通识教育与专业教育互相融合的新渠道,以＂存真求用＂为指导重塑通识教育的实践模式。     

颜元实学教育思想的历史价值与现代意义

颜元是我国明末清初实学教育思潮中的重要代表人物。他关于培养“实才实德之士”和通才与专才相结合的教育目标,关于以实文、实事、实体、实用为主的教育内容以及实习、实行的教育方法,开创了经世致用的一代新风,不仅具有划时代的历史价值,而且至今仍具借鉴意义。     

Democratic Communities and Business/Education “Partnerships” in Secondary Education

Democratic ideals of equality, freedom, and common problem-solving help ensure that schools are governed as communities, in Dewey's sense of the term, wherein all members share in defining the purposes and processes of the group. In this paper, qualitative case study data of a business–public school partnership is examined in order to describe, analyze, and evaluate this partnership based upon democratic criteria established by Deweyan pragmatism. The analysis of the business/education partnership enables educators to better understand the potential for, and inhibitors of, the kind of genuine social growth among school and corporate partners that can serve public agendas rather than private profits.     

对大学生崇尚实用主义的理性思考

实用主义在20世纪初传入中国,但直到20世纪末的最后10年里才成为广大青年特别是大学生崇尚的西方思潮,并对大学生的成长产生了不小的影响。出现了这种局面的原因主要是社会因素和大学生自身条件所决定的,在对大学生进行思想政治教育时,施教教育就要对实用主义进行透彻的分析,明辨实用主义的糟粕与精华,促使大学生成长为社会主义现代化事业的合格建设者和接班人。     

实用主义教育哲学与成人教育主张略述

19世纪末20世纪初在美国教育界兴起的以实用主义哲学为理论基础的实用主义教育观推动着美国成人教育运动;本文试图从对实用主义教育基本特征说起并进一步用其指导我国成人教育的理论研究与实践。     

Creativity as a developmental resource in sport training activities

The multidimensional concept of creativity has a much wider scope of application than disclosed by prevailing research on sporting creativity. In this area, creativity is mostly perceived, praised, and approached for its performative, in-game benefits. Pointing to the belief that creativity requires well-developed technical skills, this phenomenon is often treated as a performative end. When targeting creative match performances, the developmental and experiential benefits of creative activities may be neglected, and creativity may be reserved for the best offensive players. To nourish and nuance practical and scholastic dialogues, the purpose of this paper is to conceptualize creativity as a developmental resource in sport training activities. This is accomplished by building on and articulating [Shilling, C. (2005). Body in culture, technology and society. London: SAGE] body-sociology, [Gl?veanu, V. P. (2012). What can be done with an egg? Creativity, material objects, and the theory of affordances. The Journal of Creative BehaviorJournal of Creative Behavior, 46(3), 192–208. doi:10.1002/jocb.13, Gl?veanu, V. P. (2016b). The psychology of creating: A cultural-developmental approach to key dichotomies within creativity studies. In The Palgrave handbook of creativity and culture research (pp. 205–223). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-46344-9_10] socio-cultural notions about creativity, and [Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education– an introduction to the philosophy of education. New York, NY: The Free Press.] educational philosophy. Based on these positions, creativity is treated as a dynamic quality of action that is located in the transaction between the player and the specific situation (i.e. affordances, intentions, and norms). Hence, creativity regards the exploratory and playful processes of discovering, exploiting, and originating unusual action possibilities (i.e. acting on unperceived, unexploited, and uninvented affordances). Grounded in these ideas, we argue for the stimulation of creative actions during training, which should not be forgotten when trying to nurture in-game creativity. Essentially, the developmental benefits (e.g. learning and enjoyment) of creativity could apply to all players, at all levels. Among others, creativity may enhance their situated potential (e.g. expanding the boundaries of usual actions; developing the capacity for novel actions). For instance, the exploration of unexploited affordances (i.e. actions normally avoided due to norms) entails broad experiences and may help the players discover novel actions. Moreover, creative activities may develop the players’ capacity to search for, handle, and/or create unexpected, unusual, and novel situations. This is vital for players’ development and performance.     

高等教育史研究二题

高等教育史研究中，由于对史与论、历史与现实两对关系认识模糊和处理不当，以及两对关系本身固有的矛盾和困难，在一定程度上限制了高等教育史研究的深入与拓展。辩证地客观地看待、处理两对关系，对当前高等教育史研究定能起到积极作用。     

行业协会绩效评价误差的影响因素

我国行业协会应汲取实用主义理论精华,切实关注微观互益性绩效和宏观公共性绩效等指标,为会员和政府主管部门提供优质的产品与服务;在绩效评价实践中,应深刻意识到有关因素所导致的绩效评价误差,自觉加以防范。     

“实用主义”态度对数学教学的“离心影响”

实用主义的特点是功利化,实用主义者只关心行动是否能给个人或集团带来某种实际利益,在实用主义者眼中,有用即是真理,无用就是谬误。若用这种态度审视数学教学,其教学宗旨被严重偏离,数学就成了考试捞分数的科目,能考出高分,数学就很有用,考不出高分,数学就成为学习者的负担。旨在培养思维能力的数学应在摒弃＂实用主义＂的离心影响下,发挥其应有的教育功能。     

皮尔士与詹姆斯实用主义之比较

"实用主义"是遭受最多误解和责难的哲学术语之一。在中国,它已经完全成为一个贬义词。通过比较其创始人皮尔士和早期代表人物詹姆斯对实用主义的阐释,也许可以澄清实用主义的最初含义从而使这一哲学思想能够得到应有的正视和理解。