不同BMI水平男大学生心肺适能与肺通气能力的比较研究

目的:探究不同身体质量指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)水平普通男大学生心肺适能与肺通气能力之间的差异。方法:随机选取哈尔滨体育学院非体育专业男性大学生38名,根据不同BMI水平进行正常与肥胖程度分组,测定受试者最大摄氧量(Maximal oxygen uptake,VO_2max)、每分通气量(Minute ventilation volume,VE)、呼吸商(Respiratory quotient,RQ)、肺活量(Vital capacity,VC)、用力肺活量(Forced vital capacity,FVC)、每分最大随意通气量(Maximal voluntary ventilation,MVV)、心率、血压等指标。结果:以BMI水平划分肥胖程度具有显著相关性,肥胖组男大学生静息心率、收缩压、舒张压显著高于正常组;VO_2max、VE绝对值高于正常组,但相对值均显著低于正常组;VC水平显著高于正常组,MVV、FVC、FVC.1%、肺活量体重指数显著低于正常组。结论:肥胖是影响心肺功能的重要因素,高BMI水平男性大学生心肺适能和肺通气能力较低,有氧耐力较差;VO_2max、VE、VC的相对值在反映男性大学生心肺适能和肺通气能力方面比绝对值更为客观合理。     

老年慢性肺心病伴发急性心肌梗死的分析

目的探讨老年慢性肺心病伴发急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床特点.方法对66例老年慢性肺心病伴发AMI的病人(A组)进行分析,并与老年单纯冠心病AMI152例(B组)作比较.结果A组疼痛发生率(45.4%)显著低于B组(83.9%)(p＜0.01),A组急性左心衰、心源性休克发生率显著高于B组,分别为53.1%与25.0%,48.4%与21.7%(p＜0.05),A组病死率(42.4%)显著高于B组(15.7%),肺心病对其伴发AMI的发生部位无影响.结论对老年肺心病患者突然发生的急性左心衰和/或心源性休克应高度警惕伴发AMI的可能.     

A320系列飞机电子舱通风故障的保留建议

A320系列飞机出现电子舱通风故障时,可参考MEL(最低设备清单)手册内容,办理相关故障保留,不会进一步影响飞机放行。但是相同的警告信息,可以对应手册中多种不同的处理方式,而每种方式应对的实际情况均有不同。本文旨在分析不同情况下的故障保留方式,给予及时有效的处理建议。     

Science Letters： Proteomic analysis of the serum in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension （IPAH） is a rare disease of unknown etiology. The exact pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension is still not well known. In the past decades, many protein molecules have been found to be involved in the development of IPAH. With proteomic techniques, profiling of human plasma proteome becomes more feasible in searching for disease-related markers. In present study, we showed the protein expression profiles of the serum of IPAH and healthy controls after depleting a few high-abundant proteins in serum. Thirteen spots had changed significantly in IPAH compared with healthy controls and were identified by LC-MS/MS. Alpha- 1-antitrypsin and vitronectin were down-regulated in IPAH and may be valuable candidates for further explorations of their roles in the development of IPAH.     

务实性价值取向下的高职教材编写探索--以《通风与空调工程》为例

文章主要介绍了在务实性价值取向的指导下,《通风与空调工程》课程教材的选题基本思路、特点与优势,并具体阐述了该课程教材建设的内容与应用价值。     

营养支持对慢阻肺患者血气和肺功能的影响

目的营养支持对慢性阻塞性肺部疾病患者血气和肺功能的影响。方法选择43例患者使用抗感染、平喘、化痰等常规治疗,并与43例进行有效营养支持的患者比较,治疗后1月血气分析以及肺功能的变化情况。结果治疗后观察组PO2和PCO2均达到正常范围,且PO2高于对照组（P〈0.05）,PCO2低于对照组（P〈0.05）,治疗后观察组患者FVC显著较对照组提高（P〈0.05）,且FEV1/FVC随之升高（P〈0.05）,同时FEV1%显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论营养不良对于慢性阻塞性肺部疾病患者是一种疾病恶化的因素,进行有效的营养支持能改善患者血气分析结果,提高患者肺功能,值得临床重视。     

The respiratory time and flow profile at volitional exercise termination

Abstract

In this study, we examine the effect of exercise on the time and flow characteristics of the respiratory cycle profile at the point of volitional exercise termination. Eight males (mean age 29 years, s = 10; body mass 74 kg, s = 7; height 1.75 m, s = 0.04) undertook a cycle test to volitional exhaustion on a cycle ergometer, which allowed peak oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O_2peak) to be measured (mean 51 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1, s = 7). At a later date, two sub-maximal tests to volitional exhaustion were completed in a random order at 76% (s = 6) and 86%[Vdot]O_2peak (s = 7). As expected, the magnitude of the respiratory flow and time characteristics varied with the three exercise intensities, as did the point of exercise termination and terminal ventilation rates, which varied from 7 to 27 min and 112 to 132 litres · min^?1 respectively. More importantly, however, at exercise termination some of the characteristics were similar, particularly the breathing frequency (at termination 49 breaths · min^?1), the ratio between inspiration and total breath time (0.5), and the later occurrence of peak inspiratory flow (0.24 – 0.48 s). The coincident unity of these time and flow profile characteristics at exercise termination illustrates how the integration of timing and flow during breathing influence exercise capacity in non-elite athletes.     

Transfer of momentum from different arm segments to a light movable target during a straight punch thrown by expert boxers

Abstract

Three modern views about the factors limiting oxygen uptake in healthy humans are set against the original (early 1920s) concept of A. V. Hill and colleagues. The majority view for most of the intervening time has been that cardiac output is the essential limiting function. Among recent research in support of this contention is that, in quadrupeds, pericardiectomy, which allows greater diastolic filling, elevates maximum oxygen uptake; however, the relevance to bipedal exercise can be questioned. In any case, algebraic analyses of model systems indicate that all identifiable stages on the oxygen transport pathway, from pulmonary diffusion to oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle mitochondria, materially influence maximum uptake. Thus, if a high cardiac output is to be of benefit, all the other steps must function better too. Nevertheless, these two viewpoints concur that the limit to maximum oxygen uptake is somatic. In contrast, there are strong indications that at altitudes where oxygen availability is about half that at sea level, cerebral oxygenation is a limiting factor, and some recent experiments raise the possibility that it might be a substantial influence at sea level also. Clearly, consensus cannot yet be reached on the question posed in the title.     

Cardiovascular and Ventilatory Responses during Formalized T'ai Chi Chuan Exercise

Abstract

T'ai Chi Chuan (TCC) is a widely practiced Chinese martial art said to physically develop balance and coordination as well as enhance emotional and mental health. TCC consists of a series of postures combined into a sequential movement providing a smooth, continuous, low-intensity activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to the Long Form of Yang's style TCC. In addition, the subjects' TCC responses were compared to their ventilatory and cardiovascular responses during cycle ergometry at an oxygen consumption (VO₂) equivalent to the mean TCC VO₂ Six experienced (M = 8.3 yrs) male TCC practitioners served as subjects with data collected during the Cloud Hand movement of the TCC exercise. Significantly (p < .05) lower responses for ventilatory frequency (Vf) (11.3 and 15.7 breaths min^?1), ventilatory equivalent (VE!VO₂) (23.47 and 27.41), and the ratio of dead space ventilation to tidal volume (VD!VT) (20 and 27%) were found in TCC in comparison to cycle ergometry. The percentage of minute ventilation used for alveolar ventilation was significantly higher during TCC (p < .03) than cycle ergometry, with mean values of 81.1% and 73.1%, respectively. Cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate were not significantly different between TCC exercise and cycle ergometry at the same oxygen consumption. We concluded that, during TCC, expert practitioners show significantly different ventilatory responses leading to more efficient use of the ventilatory volume than would be expected from comparable levels of exertion on a cycle ergometer.     

国外运动康复研究前沿及其热点演化分析

为探讨国外运动康复研究的整体发展脉络及其前沿内容,以Web of Science核心合集中的SCI-EXPANDED、SSCI、A&HCI为来源数据库,对其中2000—2017年运动康复研究的5 969篇文献进行科学计量和可视化操作,并对高频关键词、高被引文献对应的科研成果进行深入阅读分析。研究表明,除体育科学之外,护理学、病理学、外科学、内科学等多个学科都对该主题进行研究,成果逐年递增;研究对象主要是老年人、妇女和成年人,内容集中在运动损伤、老化、病变和伤病预防等四个方面;研究热点随社会文化、人口发展状态演化,但心脑血管、肺、肩、膝等始终是主题,并且研究不断深入;通过知识基础积累,形成以肺康复、心血管康复、前十字韧带重建为主要方向的前沿研究,核心内容包括：（1）间歇训练、力量训练、上肢训练和经皮神经肌肉电刺激等对肺康复具有积极作用;（2）基于运动的心脏康复能有效降低心脏死亡率,防治动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病;（3）平衡训练能够降低前十字韧带损伤风险,康复过程中,高强度比低强度恢复程序有更好的功能效果。