大型公共场所室内空气品质研究

从空气品质的定义、通风与室内空气品质的关系、提高空气品质的手段、湛江某商场空气品质的客观和主观调查等对大型公用场所室内空气品质进行了分析和研究。     

慢性肺心病急性发作期患者血液流变学测定的临床意义

目的探讨慢心肺心病患者在急性发作期的血液流变学测定的临床应用价值．方 法采用全自动血液粘度快测议测定５８例患者和５２例对照组的血液粘度．结果 除纤维 蛋白原外，其它六项指标明显高于对照组，Ｐ＜０．００１．结论 本法具有快速、特异、实用等 特点，为临床在肺心病患者急性发作期合理用药提供一种有效方法．     

高水平公路自行车运动员急性低氧运动时肌氧饱和度变化特征研究

目的:研究高水平公路自行车运动员急性低氧运动时肌氧饱和度特征。方法:采用交叉设计,通过无损近红外光谱学技术(NIRS)连续监测17名优秀公路自行车运动员常氧和低氧(模拟3 200 m,FIO2～14.0%)急性递增负荷运动时肌氧饱和度、心肺功能及通气指标的变化。结果:1)在4个不同功率等级低氧Δ[O2Hb]均显著高于常氧对应值,Δ[HHb]在50%、75%和100%最大功率时均显著低于常氧对应值,而Δ[THb]在各相对功率等级时无显著性差异。2)低氧时通气无氧阈(VT)和最大摄氧量(.VO2max)对应的HR、SpO2和Power皆显著低于常氧对应值。低氧时VT和.VO2max对应的低氧通气指标(V.E/V.O2、.VE/V.CO2)皆显著高于常氧对照值。结论:反映心血管系统与肌肉代谢耦联的低氧通气反应(HVR)是肌氧饱和度变化的基础,是肌氧饱和度反映肌肉代谢疲劳的重要生理机制。而提高运动员高原低氧时的HVR是提高其耐缺氧能力的基础,是进而提高有氧能力和运动成绩的关键。     

船舶冷藏集装箱舱室内通风方式的数值模拟及实验研究

为研究风冷式冷藏集装箱在远洋运输中的船舶舱室内的通风散热问题,以舱室内的通风散热系统为研究对象,采用ANSYS-CFD软件,模拟在送风和排风两种不同通风方式下舱室内的温度分布状况,并与实验结果对比。模拟结果与实验结果具有良好的一致性。最佳通风方式被推荐,为集装船舱室通风设计提供参考。     

通风工程课程有效教学模式的探索与实践

针对目前我国高职教育存在较多低效甚至是无效教学的问题,指出探索有效教学模式的必要性,阐述有效教学模式的特点。在分析通风工程课程原有教学模式的基础上,着重对该课程的有效教学模式进行积极的探索与实践,为高职院校教师对其他课程进行有效教学模式开发提供指导。     

地铁站台火灾时通风模式

以北京某地铁典型站台为研究对象,采用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS对站台中部起火和端部起火两种情况进行模拟,对热辐射、CO浓度、温度、能见度、烟层高度等值的变化进行了分析.结合现行地铁设计规范,得到站台中部起火时,“火源上方风机排烟,站台风机送风”方式;站台端部起火时,“A、C、E风机排烟,D风机送风”方式下,能确保在站台较大区域内烟气浓度值一定时间内较小,火场热释放速率、温度及CO含量等参数最优,提出了地铁在火灾工况下最优化通风方式.     

沙丁胺醇和丙酸氟替卡松雾化吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重疗效分析

目的观察沙丁胺醇和丙酸氟替卡松雾化吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重的疗效。方法将29例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的患者随机分成两组,对照组28例,常规给予抗生素及相应对照治疗;实验组29例,在对照组的基础上沙丁胺醇与丙酸氟替卡松雾化吸入治疗。用药后观察实验组及对照组临床效应、不良反应及住院时间。结果实验组及对照组每组治疗前后1周临床症状评分差异有显著性,实验组FEV1/预计值,PEF/预计值及住院时间较对照组治疗差异有显著性,并且未发现不良反应。结论在常规抗炎、祛痰等治疗基础上加用沙丁胺醇和丙酸氟替卡松联合雾化治疗一周后,患者临床症状评分及肺功能均明显改善,明显缩短了治疗疗程和住院时间,且无严重不良反应。     

高职通风与空调工程课程项目化教学改革初探

高职的教育教学工作正处于改革期,基于项目教学法的课程改革具有可操作性和现实意义。分析了目前高职通风与空调工程课程教学中存在的种种问题,介绍了项目化教学的含义及特征。针对该课程传统教学中存在的弊端,建议采用项目化教学对课程进行改革,并提出项目化教学方案设计。     

Comparison of the Physiological Profiles of Middle-Aged Women Distance Runners and Sedentary Women

Abstract

Extensive in-depth interviews were conducted with all 20 members of the 1988 U.S. Olympic Wrestling Team regarding their efforts to cope with stress experienced during the Seoul Olympics. Qualitative analyses revealed that the wrestlers employed a variety of coping strategies including (a) thought control strategies (blocking distractions, perspective taking, positive thinking, coping thoughts, and prayer), (b) task focus strategies (narrow, more immediate focus, concentrating on goals), (c) behavioral based strategjies (changing or controlling the environment, following a set routine), and (d) emotional control strategies (arousal control, visualization). In accordance with the observations of Compos (1987) and Folkman and Lazarus (1985), the coping efforts of the Olympic wrestlers were not limited to particular strategies nor to single approaches to dealing with a particular stressor but, rather, reflected a dynamic complex process involving a number of strategies, often in combination. The results also suggested that the degree to which coping strategies are well learned or automatized is related to their perceived effectiveness.     

Lung Volumes and Maximal Respiratory Pressures in Collegiate Swimmers and Runners

Abstract

To determine whether respiratory muscle strength is related to pulmonary volume differences in athletes and nonathletes, 11 intercollegiate female swimmers, 11 female cross-country runners, and two nonathletic control groups, matched to the athletes in height and age, were evaluated for pulmonary parameters including maximal inspiratory pressure (P_lmax) and maximal expiratory pressure (P_Emax). Swimmers exhibited larger (p < .05) vital capacities (VC), residual lung volumes (RV), inspiratory capacities (IC), and functional residual capacities (FRC) than both the runners or the controls but no difference (p > .05) in either P_lmax or inspiratory flow (FIV_25%-75%). Timed expiratory volumes (FEV Q.5 m and FEV_1.0 were significantly (p < .05) lower in the swimmers than in the controls. These data suggest that an adaptational growth may be responsible, in part, for the augmented static lung volumes demonstrated in swimmers