关于制订“合著论文作者贡献声明与署名规则”的探讨

【目的】为制订期刊论文作者贡献声明与署名规则提供参考依据。【方法】基于合著论文作者署名方式及其存在问题的分析,论述作者贡献声明与署名规范化的关键措施。【结果】提出了制订“论文作者贡献声明与署名规则”的建议和基本内容框架。【结论】 期刊合著论文作者署名规范及其相应的学术评价应突出作者贡献声明的重要作用,应由权威学术机构制订统一的“论文作者贡献声明与署名基本规则”。     

基于大学排名的世界一流学科评价问题研究

学科是大学的根基和细胞,是否拥有世界一流学科很大程度影响到一所大学能否成为世界一流。通过研究泰晤士高等教育、上海交通大学世界一流大学研究中心、美国新闻和世界报道、德国高等教育研究中心等机构发布的大学排行榜,观察其学科评价的异同,就如何客观、科学地评价世界一流学科进行学理探讨,进而针对其中存在的问题,如学科宽度和广度、学科国际地位、研究原创性、学科平衡等作些思考。     

基于主成分分析法的学习成绩评价与分析

学习成绩评价是大学教学管理的重要问题,为使成绩评价更具科学性、客观性和合理性,通过应用主成分分析法进行综合评价与分析,能够客观反映学生的实际特征,并为教学研究和学生管理提供科学依据.     

A Methodology for Calculating Prestige Ranks of Academic Journals in Communication: A More Inclusive Alternative to Citation Metrics

The problem of how to rank academic journals in the communication field (human interaction, mass communication, speech, and rhetoric) is one of practical importance to scholars, university administrators, and librarians, yet there is no methodology that covers the field's journals comprehensively and objectively. This article reports a new ranking methodology based in empirical criteria. The new system relates independent measures of the prestige of the field's doctoral departments to information about where faculty members from those departments have published scholarly articles. This new approach identifies the field's most influential journals as those that more frequently publish the work of the field's top scholars and programs as perceived by their peers. This system was used to compute prestige weights (P-weights) for 65 communication journals. P-weights were found to be strongly correlated with ISI Web of Science journal impact factor scores and can be used to identify an overall prestige hierarchy for communication journals as well as prestige rankings by subject specialty.     

Effective top-k computation with term-proximity support

Modern web search engines are expected to return the top-k results efficiently. Although many dynamic index pruning strategies have been proposed for efficient top-k computation, most of them are prone to ignoring some especially important factors in ranking functions, such as term-proximity (the distance relationship between query terms in a document). In our recent work [Zhu, M., Shi, S., Li, M., & Wen, J. (2007). Effective top-k computation in retrieving structured documents with term-proximity support. In Proceedings of 16th CIKM conference (pp. 771–780)], we demonstrated that, when term-proximity is incorporated into ranking functions, most existing index structures and top-k strategies become quite inefficient. To solve this problem, we built the inverted index based on web page structure and proposed the query processing strategies accordingly. The experimental results indicate that the proposed index structures and query processing strategies significantly improve the top-k efficiency. In this paper, we study the possibility of adopting additional techniques to further improve top-k computation efficiency. We propose a Proximity-Probe Heuristic to make our top-k algorithms more efficient. We also test the efficiency of our approaches on various settings (linear or non-linear ranking functions, exact or approximate top-k processing, etc.).     

Using query expansion in graph-based approach for query-focused multi-document summarization

This paper presents a novel query expansion method, which is combined in the graph-based algorithm for query-focused multi-document summarization, so as to resolve the problem of information limit in the original query. Our approach makes use of both the sentence-to-sentence relations and the sentence-to-word relations to select the query biased informative words from the document set and use them as query expansions to improve the sentence ranking result. Compared to previous query expansion approaches, our approach can capture more relevant information with less noise. We performed experiments on the data of document understanding conference (DUC) 2005 and DUC 2006, and the evaluation results show that the proposed query expansion method can significantly improve the system performance and make our system comparable to the state-of-the-art systems.     

DistanceRank: An intelligent ranking algorithm for web pages

A fast and efficient page ranking mechanism for web crawling and retrieval remains as a challenging issue. Recently, several link based ranking algorithms like PageRank, HITS and OPIC have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a novel recursive method based on reinforcement learning which considers distance between pages as punishment, called “DistanceRank” to compute ranks of web pages. The distance is defined as the number of “average clicks” between two pages. The objective is to minimize punishment or distance so that a page with less distance to have a higher rank. Experimental results indicate that DistanceRank outperforms other ranking algorithms in page ranking and crawling scheduling. Furthermore, the complexity of DistanceRank is low. We have used University of California at Berkeley’s web for our experiments.     

英、美最新大学排行榜对我国大学评估与发展的启示

本文在简要分析《美国新闻与世界报导》和英国的《泰晤士报》两家世界知名媒体的大学评估与排名的基础上，对照我国大学评估的历史与现实，对我国大学评估与排名工作及中国大学的发展应该借鉴国外先进经验的方面提出了初步建议。     

Nurturing quality of higher education through national ranking: a potential empowerment model for developing countries

This paper reviews the recently introduced National Higher Education ranking system in Indonesia in order to evaluate its potential as a sustainable model to improve the quality of higher education in the country. It is a scaffold towards an established world-universities ranking system that may prove formidable for a developing country. This ranking system is based on four quality criteria, namely quality of academics, of management, of research and of students, each with its own weighting factor and scale. It is found that the actions and inactions of institutions vis á vis their continuous quality improvement may reflect their ranks. In countries where the thirst for higher education is high such as in developing countries, institutions’ ranks play a decisive competitive role. A rational, transparent, bona fide and dependable national ranking system is realistic in helping to improve the quality of higher education in the country.     

中国研究型大学科研发展水平排名及分析

研究型大学的发展水平与综合国力休戚相关,加强研究型大学的建设特别是科技水平的建设是增强综合国力的重要举措。但是目前国内对研究型大学定义模糊,造成了在评价研究型大学时诸多不便,并且国内对研究型大学的科研水平的评价指标体系还不够完善,有一定的局限性。本文在文献综述的基础上,提出了新的一套研究型大学的分类标准,并针对这些研究型大学的科研发展水平专门制定了一套指标体系,然后运用因子分析的方法,对确立的33所研究型大学的科研水平进行评价,并根据排名情况指出这些研究型大学的科研工作在今后需要改进和加强的方面,最后对研究型大学的发展提出了政策建议。