Judges’ delivery of ground rules to child witnesses in Australian courts

Ground rules directions are given to children in forensic interviews to explain what is expected of them, and to reduce their tendency to acquiesce to erroneous or incomprehensible questions. Ground rules may also be necessary when children provide testimony in court. Drawing on research conducted for the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, the present study examined the use of ground rules directions delivered in court in 52 trials by 24 presiding judges in three jurisdictions to 57 child complainants (aged 7–17.5 years). Eleven categories of rules were identified. The number of words spoken to deliver each rule was counted, and grade-level readability scores were calculated as a proxy for the complexity of the ground rules. When judges asked comprehension or practice questions, the question types were coded. More than one third of the children (35%) received no ground rules directions from the judge; the remaining 65% received directions on an average of 3.5 types of ground rules out of a maximum of 11 types. While comprehension questions were common, practice questions were rare. Comprehension questions were most often presented in a yes/no format that implied the expected response, although this form of question is unlikely to provide an effective assessment of a child's comprehension. Neither the number of rules delivered nor the number of words used was related to children's age. Implications for children's court testimony are discussed.     

Apriori算法在网上考试系统中的应用

在远程教育系统的网上考试系统模块中,数据库和数据仓库中的用户交互数据记录了用户对系统的访问行为信息,利用最小支持度和最小置信度,挖掘出频繁项集,对这些信息的分析有利于远程教育教学管理人员和教师掌握学生对知识的掌握情况,从而可以对教学内容加以改进,对教学平台进行优化.     

物流管理专业技能型学生社团建设的实践与探索——以天津城市职业学院物流协会为例

高等职业学院学生专业技能型社团作为学生社团的创新形式,已成为高等职业院校提高人才培养质量的重要途径。以天津城市职业学院物流管理专业技能型学生社团——物流协会为例,介绍了该专业技能型学生社团建设的基本情况,说明了社团建设在提升学生综合素质、提高教师专业技能和组织协调能力以及在专业建设各方面发挥的积极作用,提出了提升专业技能型社团建设水平的途径。     

发掘和利用吴敬梓研究资料的再检讨--吴敬梓研究回顾系列

回顾胡适、张慧剑、何泽翰、陈汝衡等人对吴敬梓交游资料的发掘，在他们的基础上作又有所增补，并运用这些资料，深化了对吴敬梓及其《儒林外史》的研究。     

租赁分类的会计审视

经营性租赁和融资租赁是两种不同的应税劳务形态,就其内涵来说,两者之间的差异,远远多于两者之间的类同.对出、承租人双方而言,经营性租赁有可取之处,也有不可取之处.本文从经营者对租赁方式的选择和会计准则对租赁分类标准存在的缺陷两方面说明,要正确了解企业对经营性租赁的选择,规范租赁交易的会计核算.     

中美大学课程国际化的比较分析

美国的大学课程国际化在二战之后得到迅速、有效地发展，许多经验与教训可供我们借鉴。试图从法规政策、课程设置、外语教学三个方面对中美大学课程国际化问题作一简单的比较分析。     

中美心理咨询资格认证制度比较与启示

我国新颁布的《心理咨询师国家职业标准》较之试行版,对于申请者的资格有了更高的要求,表明了我国心理咨询师认证制度在不断的完善中。但与已经比较完善的美国心理咨询资格认证制度相比,还有很多不足之处,其对我国心理咨询认证制度的完善有很好的借鉴意义。     

从礼貌原则分析林黛玉言语交际成功与失误

《红楼梦》中林黛玉从倍受众人关注、贾母疼爱到最后在寂寞凄清中撒手人寰,主要是因为她在言语交际过程中常常违反礼貌原则,最终导致交际失败。文章从礼貌原则的角度剖析林黛玉的言语交际情况,分析其成败,以期从中发现一些对成功交际具有指导性的东西。     

篮球竞赛规则修改、修订与技战术发展之联系

篮球运动迅速发展的动力来自于规则的不断改进和技术、战术的不断更新,不同时代篮球技、战术体系的变化和竞赛规则的变化,带动了篮球运动不断革新。篮球规则与篮球运动是同步产生共同发展的．篮球规则的修改与演变促进篮球运动技、战术水平的提高,而篮球技战术的变化与篮球规则也是互相促进、互相依存和紧密联系的。     

理论社团与思想政治理论课教学

本文认为,学生理论社团是思想政治理论课课堂的有效延伸,是对思想政治理论课实践教学的有益补充,是倡导自主学习理念的有效组织形式。思想政治理论课教师应在理论社团建设中发挥作用,以促进思想政治教育“大课堂“的构建与德育“合力“的形成。