我国居民储蓄与政府储蓄转化效率的实证分析

利用我国1980-2004年的样本数据,考察居民储蓄、政府储蓄与投资之间的长期动态关系,协整检验表明:储蓄与投资之间存在长期的均衡关系,而且当前政府储蓄的转化效率要远远高于居民储蓄的转化效率.进一步的Granger因果检验也表明,储蓄的变化影响投资的变化.基于上述的实证分析,提出了一些改善转化效率的措施.     

邮政储蓄银行的内在缺陷及改革创新

邮政储蓄银行在快速发展的同时,还存在着管理体制不健全、市场定位不准确、人力资源匮乏、软硬件设施不齐全等方面的问题,针对其尚存的内在缺陷,邮政储蓄银行应深化体制改革,健全内部控制制度,增强内部管理的独立性;完善经营目标,大力开发城市市场,积极推广中间业务;整合人力资源,完善人力资源管理体系;加强基础建设,推进邮储银行信息化建设。     

居民投资与储蓄及其在经济流动中的关系

随同我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和完善,诸如体制制约、居民观念、收入水平、金融市场、环境保障等因素都会催生和影响居民的间接投资活动,而实际收入、银行利率、物价水平、消费结构、保障制度和存取条件等因素则会对居民的狭义储蓄行为产生重要影响。居民投资与居民储蓄在整个社会经济流转中存在着既相互区别又彼此沟通的内在关系,二者都可能进展为社会直接投资,并具有共同的终极目标即均是指向消费。同时文中还连带论及了其他相关问题,这些都对加强人们在日常实际经济活动中的理性认识与运作可能具有一定的参考价值。     

中国居民储蓄变动的实证分析

居民储蓄持续增长已成为我国重要的经济现象之一。理论上，影响我国居民储蓄的主要因素是居民可支配收入和价格水平。协整理论和误差修正模型进一步表明，在居民储蓄、居民可支配收入和价格水平之间存在协整关系，居民储蓄无论在短期还是长期均快于居民可支配收入的增长。     

论弱利率效应

利率历来都是市场经济国家货币政策的重要中介目标。由于我国现在处于体制转轨时期,现行的投资和融资体制都远不完善,金融资本总量偏小,金融机构传导效率低,从而造成利率与经济运行相关度偏低,利率弹性机制的发挥受到诸多因素的限制,导致投资、消费和储蓄的利率弹性都偏小,以利率为中介目标的货币政策效果差,即存在弱利率效应。因此,当前应努力增强利率弹性,发挥利率工具的应有效应。     

利息税率调减对居民投资影响的调查分析

本文针对利息税率调减对居民投资方式的影响进行了相关调查,调查结果表明利息税率调减对居民投资方式的选择并未产生重大影响。通过对利息税传导机制的分析,提出要使利息税达到调整居民投资进而达到调控国民经济的作用的相关建议。     

Life cycle cost analysis of new FRP based solar parabolic trough collector hot water generation system

Parabolic trough collectors （PTCs） are employed for a variety of applications including steam generation and hot water generation. This paper deals with the experimental results and an economic analysis of a new fibre reinforced plastic （FRP） based solar PTC with an embedded electronic controlled tracking system designed and developed for hot water generation in a restaurant in Madurai, India. The new collector performance has been tested according to ASHRAE Standard 93 （1986）. The performance of a new PTC hot water generation system with a well mixed hot water storage tank is investigated by a series of extensive tests over ten months period. The average maximum storage tank water temperature observed was 74.91℃, when no energy is withdrawn from the tank to the load during the collection period. The total cost of the new economic FRP based solar PTC for hot water generation with an embedded electronic controlled tracking system is Rs. 25000 （US$ 573） only. In the present work, life cycle savings （LCS） method is employed for a detailed economic analysis of the PTC system. A computer program is used as a tool for the economic analysis. The present worth of life cycle solar savings is evaluated for the new solar PTC hot water generation system that replaces an existing electric water heating system in the restaurant and attains a value of Rs. 23171.66 after 15 years, which is a significant saving. The LCS method and the MATLAB computer simulation program presented in this paper can be used to estimate the LCS of other renewable energy systems.     

Avoiding the “Inexorable Push Toward Homogenization” in School Choice: Education Savings Accounts as Hedges Against Institutional Isomorphism

ABSTRACT

The assumption that rational choice dynamics will lead to diversity of school supply is at the heart of K–12 school choice arrangements. Yet as the field of school choice becomes more established, there will be the “inexorable push toward homogenization.” If vouchers, tuition tax credit scholarships, and education savings accounts become more significant players in the education market in the years to come, isomorphism, if it occurs, will limit the utility of school choice. Drawing on experiences from the charter sector and the Louisiana Scholarship Program, this article considers whether education savings accounts might encourage less isomorphism of practice among participating private schools than school choice options such as vouchers and tuition tax credit scholarships.     

新建构主义:网络时代的学习理论

针对网络时代学习面临的挑战,首次提出了新建构主义学习理论,概括为两大挑战、一种学习策略、七个关键词和一种思维方法,并介绍了相关案例。接着从神经生理学和认知心理学角度进行了讨论,阐述了新建构主义和知识管理的关系、教师的任务以及该理论的意义和局限等。     

教育储蓄的国际比较——以美国“Coverdell教育储蓄”和加拿大“注册教育储蓄计划”为例

教育成本分担机制的推行,解决了高等教育经费政府投入不足的问题,但与之共生的是许多家庭越来越难以承受高等教育的费用。美国和加拿大政府推行的教育储蓄计划有助于这一问题的有效解决。通过对两国的教育储蓄计划进行分析比较,可以发现它们之间存在的异同点。