东北黑土区小流域侵蚀产沙WaTEM/SEDEM模型模拟

东北黑土区是我国重要的商品粮基地。近年来,受自然因素及人类不合理活动的影响,土壤侵蚀严重。土壤侵蚀模型是预测侵蚀产沙的重要工具,Wa TEM/SEDEM模型是一个分布式模型,本文以黑龙江省拜泉县25个水库控制流域为研究对象,采用Wa TEM/SEDEM模型模拟小流域侵蚀产沙特征,得到如下结论:研究区模型泥沙输移系数KTC最佳组合为0.38和0.55;利用Wa TEM/SEDEM模型模拟得到的产沙量(SY)与实际值相近,相关系数为0.95;产沙模数(SSY)的模拟值与实际值相关系数为0.34,相关程度相对较低,但均比回归方程模拟得到的产沙量和产沙模数相关程度高。流域泥沙输移比平均值为0.32。以齐心水库控制流域为例,模型模拟发现,流域平均侵蚀模数为351.2t/(km2·a),将齐心水库控制流域模拟结果与临近研究区的有关研究进行对比,证实Wa TEM/SEDEM在黑土区模拟流域侵蚀产沙有很好的应用前景。该研究可为黑土区土壤侵蚀与水土保持措施实施提供科学依据。     

深圳沙头角湾海域底质状况研究

为了解沙头角湾海域底质的环境状况,通过对沙头角湾海域底泥采样监测,对沉积物样品进行分析,发现沙头角湾底质受到重金属污染,沙头角湾底部淤泥应进行清淤、转运的污染治理措施.     

陕西省渭河流域水沙分布特性及变化分析

根据近50年来的降水、径流和泥沙等方面资料,对陕西省渭河流域水沙空间分布特性及变化情况进行了分析计算.结果表明：渭河流域具有明显的水沙异源特性;在时间分布上,水沙输送主要集中于降水量较大的汛期,年内分布相对集中;同时水沙年际变化较大,从20世纪50年代到90年代总体均呈下降趋势,并且不同时段水沙匹配模式不同.     

黄河中游水土保持措施的减水减沙作用研究

本文对黄河中游河口至龙门区间以及泾河、北洛河、渭河流域水土保持措施保存率、保存面积以及水土保持坡面措施和淤地坝减水减沙作用的计算方法进行了研究,并用之于实际计算。结果表明：1970年～1996年,河龙区间及泾河、北洛河、渭河流域水土保持措施年均减少径流5.456×10.8m³,年均减沙2.23810⁸t,分别占对应区间及流域多年平均来水来沙量总和的4.6%和22.9%;水土保持措施减水减沙量依时序递增;每年可为黄河下游减少淤积1.57×10⁸t,减少冲沙用水45×108m³。1970～1996年河龙区间淤地坝年均减水减沙量分别占水土保持措施年均减水减沙总量的59.3%和64.7%;河龙区间淤地坝的减水减沙作用随着时间的延续呈明显的下降趋势,具有时限性及非持续性,据此提出黄河中游地区生态保育对策。     

水窖底泥中氨氮释放动力学模拟

在不同温度和振荡速度的影响下,水窖底泥中氨氮解吸至上覆水中,会对上覆水造成影响。通过实验分析并探讨了温度和振荡速度对水窖底泥中氨氮释放的影响并进行动力学模拟。实验结果表明：温度和振荡速度增大能够促进水窖底泥中氨氮释放,且氨氮解吸平衡浓度增大;通过准一级动力学方程和准二级动力学方程拟合,两种动力学方程对氨氮释放过程的拟合效果较为接近,且温度影响下两种动力学拟合效果较振荡速度影响好一些（不同温度下其氨氮释放动力学拟合 R2在0．91～0．97,而振荡速度 R20．72～0．94）;因此,窖水的水质可能受到上述因素的影响。实验结果可为窖水水质维护,窖水水质处理等提供理论依据。     

氰化条件对浸铜渣中金银浸出率的影响研究

探讨在矿物的铜渣中氰化条件对金银浸出率影响的原因,提出其提高金银浸出率的最佳氰化条件,为工业提取金银生产实践提供依据。结果表明,浸铜渣中NaCN用量为10 kg/t,液固比为2.5,运用炭浸法(CIL),氰化时间为16 h时效果最佳。     

海洋表层沉积物中的无机氮在扰动情况下的行为特征

本文模拟了海洋表层沉积物再悬浮对海水中NH+4-N、NＯ-3-N浓度的贡献。通过实验，观察到海水中NH+4-N的浓度与沉积物和海水的混合比例成负相关性。在不同震荡速率的试验中，60rpm震荡速率下的NH+4-N浓度逐渐降低到三种速率中的最低,120rpm震荡速率下的NH+4-N浓度升至最高。所选海区的沉积物在再悬浮过程中细粒径沉积物对上层水体NH+4-N的贡献最大，其次是中粒径沉积物、粗粒径沉积物。海水中NＯ-3-N的浓度与混合比例和震荡速率均成负相关性。粗、细粒径沉积物在试验过程中对水体的贡献具有很强的一致性，中粒径沉积物对水体的贡献要大于粗、细粒径沉积物的贡献。再悬浮过程中沉积物对海水中NＯ-3-N、NH+4-N的贡献主要来源于KCl浸取态氮和HAc-NaAc浸取态氮。     

Equilibrium bed-concentration of nonuniform sediment

Knowledge of the equilibrium bed-concentration is vital to mathematical modeling of the river-bed deformation associated with suspended load but previous investigations only dealt with the reference concentration of uniform sediment because of difficulties in observation of the bed-concentration. This work is a first attempt to develop a theoretical formula for the equilibrium bed-concentration of any fraction of nonuniform sediment defined at the bed-surface. The formula is based on a stochastic-mechanistic model for the exchange of nonuniform sediment near the bed, and described as a function of incipient motion probability, non-ceasing probability, pickup probability, and the ratio of the average single-step continuous motion time to static time. Comparison of bed-concentration calculated from the proposed formula with the measured data showed satisfactory agreement, indicating the present formula can be used for solving the differential equation goverming the motion of suspended load. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 59779010 and 50079025)     

Applications of GSTARS Computer Models for Solving River and Reservoir Sedimentation Problems

GSTARS (Generalized Sediment Transport model for Alluvial River Simulation) is a series of computer models developed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation while the author was employed by that agency. The stream tube concept is used in all GSTARS models which allow us to solve one-dimensional equations for each stream tube independently and obtain semi-two-dimensional variation of the hydraulic conditions along and across stream tubes for rivers and reservoirs. Sediment transport, scour, and deposition processes are simulated along each stream tube independently to give us a semi-three-dimensional variation of the bed geometry. Most sediment transport computer models assume that channel width is given and cannot change during the simulation process. GSTARS models apply the theory of minimum stream power to the determination of optimum channel width and channel geometry. The concepts of channel side stability, and active, inactive, and armoring layers are used in all GSTARS models for realistic long-term simulation and prediction of the scour and deposition processes in rivers and reservoirs. GSTARS models have been applied in many countries for solving a wide range of river and reservoir sedimentation problems. Case studies will be used to illustrate the applications of GSTARS computer models. YANG Chih Ted, Borland Professor of Water Resources and Director of Hydroscience and Training Center.     

试述皇沙仙段水沙量不平衡原因

近几十年来,汉江下游皇庄、沙洋、仙桃河段水沙量时有不平衡现象出现,水量时大时小,输沙量沿程增大。此现象已越来越受到各界的关注,此文的初步分析对于研究汉江下游皇沙仙段水沙不平衡现象有一定意义。