Restricting short-wavelength light in the evening to improve sleep in recreational athletes – A pilot study

Sleep is crucial for recovery and skill acquisition in athletes. Paradoxically, athletes often encounter difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep, while having sufficient sleep opportunity. Blue (short-wavelength) light as emitted by electronic screens is considered a potential sleep thief, as it suppresses habitual melatonin secretion. The current study sought to investigate whether blocking short-wavelength light in the evening can improve sleep onset latency and potentially other sleep parameters among recreational athletes. The study had a within-subject crossover design. Fifteen recreational athletes, aged between 18 and 32 years (12 females, 3 males), were randomly assigned to start the intervention period with either the light restriction condition (LR; amber-lens glasses), or the no-light restriction condition (nLR; transparent glasses). Sleep hygiene practices, actigraphy and diary-based sleep estimates were monitored during four consecutive nights within each condition. Sleep hygiene practices did not significantly differ between conditions. Results indicate that blocking short-wavelength light in the evening, as compared to habitual light exposure, significantly shortened subjective sleep onset latency (Δ?=?7?min), improved sleep quality (Δ?=?0.6; scale 1–10), and increased alertness the following morning. Actigraphy-based sleep estimates showed no significant differences between conditions. Blocking short-wavelength light in the evening by means of amber-lens glasses is a cost-efficient and promising means to improve subjective sleep estimates among recreational athletes in their habitual home environment. The relatively small effects of the current study may be strengthened by additionally increasing morning- and daytime light exposure and, potentially, by reducing the alerting effects of media use before bedtime.     

收入、社会地位流动预期与民众社会公平认知*--采用CGSS（2010、2013）数据的实证检验

利用CGSS（2010、2013）的经验数据,实证检验社会地位流动预期以及绝对收入和相对收入水平对我国民众社会公平认知的影响,分析表明：向上的社会地位流动预期、较高的相对收入评价都能显著提高民众的社会公平认知,绝对收入水平与民众社会公平认知存在倒U型关系;社会地位流动预期对中西部地区民众社会公平认知的影响显著大于东部地区。相对收入越高认可的不公平程度越高,乐观向上的社会地位流动预期能明显提高民众的社会公平认知。因此,建立和完善全社会公平自由的竞争流动机制,使民众拥有均等的向上流动的机会,有利于提高民众的社会公平认知,进而维护和增进社会的稳定。     

During early to mid adolescence,moderate to vigorous physical activity is associated with restoring sleep,psychological functioning,mental toughness and male gender

Numerous studies showed that regular physical activity (PA) is associated with both favourable and restorative sleep and improved psychological functioning (PF). However, there is little research on the topic covering the early to mid-adolescence period. Moreover, curiosity and exploratory behaviour (CEB) and mental toughness (MT) as a result of PA remains thus far uninvestigated, as do possible gender differences. The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between PA, subjective sleep (sS), PF, CEB, and MT during early to mid-adolescence. A total of 1361 participants (mean age = 13.37 years; range: 11–16 years; 51.2% female) took part in the study. They completed questionnaires covering PA, sS, PF, CEB, and MT. Greater PA was related to improved PF, better sS, and increased CEB and MT. Compared to male participants, females reported less PA, poorer sS, and had lower PF and MT scores. The present pattern of results suggests that during early and mid-adolescence greater PA was associated with more favourable sS and better PF, including CEB and MT, and that female participants reported lower scores in PA, sS, and PF. Accordingly, if PA has a favourable impact on sleep and psychological functioning, then data suggest that sports participation should be more tailored to increase motivation among female adolescents.     

运动对改善大学生睡眠的探析

通过对部分大学生的调查研究,对比运动前后的睡眠评价和结果,结果显示：规律运动可影响生物周期节律,这种影响与光线对睡眠的影响一样强烈,运动对睡眠帮助最大。     

他律剥夺与个体生存意义的危机--贾平凹《怀念狼》解读

传统性与现代性的冲突是20世纪一个重要哲学母题。贾平凹在以往的商州叙事里更多表现为对现代化的质疑,对传统的回望与张扬。《怀念狼》的出现表明他在努力地改变自我既定的叙事美学模式。《怀念狼》借助一个富有传奇色彩的狩猎的故事外壳,相当细腻地揭示了在社会转型期,被他律剥夺价值的普通人群是如何陷入生存的意义危机,并发生肉体和精神变异的复杂过程,由此表现了作家对人类个体生存意义困窘和危机的深刻感悟,以及对传统与现代既肯定又反思的美学新追求。     

高中生睡眠时间与高学业成绩的理想匹配模式探究及预警

在对我国S省高中学校进行抽样调查的基础上,本研究利用统计分析等量化研究方法探究睡眠时间和高学业成绩的理想匹配模式,并对牺牲学生睡眠追求高成绩的学校建立了多层次预警机制。研究结果显示:"睡眠时间在八小时及以上时,学生成绩最高",这是学校保证学生身心健康发展、构建良好教育环境的理想匹配模式。教师、学校、教育管理者以及家长应持正确的教育价值观,全面综合地看待学生睡眠时间与学业成绩的关系,对于牺牲学生睡眠时间、盲目追求高成绩的学校,应建立多层级的预警机制,并监督其整改。     

Scandal and social inequality: how young Koreans feel relative deprivation to sport celebrities

Abstract

It is often observed that when sport celebrities are involved in scandals they continue to reap a variety of benefits once the scandal fades. While it may appear they suffer little consequence for their misdeed, consequences do of course ensue. One of these is relative deprivation, particularly for young groups. This study examines how young South Koreans differently shape relative deprivation according to the type of scandal. A sample of 262 Korean university students were subjected to a priming scenario technique that showed examples of Korean sport celebrities’ real scandals. This study finds that Korean university students’ cognition, affect, and behaviour of relative deprivation were positively correlated to one another. Only the behavioural dimension was significantly different according to the type of scandal. The results could be implemented toward customising sport organisation’s communication message and a sport celebrity’s image repairing strategy when the scandal is related to social equity.     

Get sleep or get stumped: sleep behaviour in elite South African cricket players during competition

ABSTRACT

Despite evidence supporting the positive affect sleep has on sport performance, there is limited application of sleep research in cricket. This study investigated the sleep behaviours of 26 elite South African cricket players (28.6 ± 4.0 years) during home and away competition. Players completed an altered version of the Core Consensus Sleep Diary every morning post-travel, pre-match and post-match. Linear mixed model regression was used to compare differences in sleep between time-periods, venues and formats. Spearman’s correlations (r_s) assessed the relationship of match performance and sleep. Post-match total sleep time (06:31 ± 01:09) was significantly (p < 0.05) shorter compared to post-travel (07:53 ± 01:07; g = 1.19) and pre-match (08:43 ± 01:03; g = 1.98). Post-travel sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency were significantly shorter (?20; g = 1.35) and higher (+10.4%; g = 0.74) at home than away respectively. Longer sleep onset latencies and shorter total sleep times were significantly associated with poorer One-Day International (r_s = ?0.57) and Test (r_s = 0.59) batting performances respectively. The poor post-match sleep behaviour, and the sleep and performance correlations, provide motive for future interventions to focus on recovery and the use of sleep monitoring as a competitive advantage.     

The association of major patterns of physical activity,sedentary behavior and sleeping with mortality in older adults

Objective: To identify major patterns of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB) and sleeping (all self-reported), and their association with long-term mortality.

Methods: Cohort of 2,851 individuals aged ≥ 60 from Spain. Mortality was ascertain from 2003 up to July 2013. Patterns of PA, SB and sleeping were identified by factor analysis.

Results: During follow-up, 1,145 deaths occurred. The first pattern, named “sedentary and non-active pattern”, was characterized by long sleeping or lying time, and not doing even light PA (household chores or walking). The second pattern was named “active and non-sedentary pattern”, and was characterized long time devoted to vigorous activities, long walking time, and short seating time. Compared to those in the first quartile of the “sedentary and non-active pattern”, those in the highest quartile showed a 71% higher mortality (HR: 1.71; 95%CI: 1.42–2.07; p-trend:<0.001); it corresponds to being 6-year older. By contrast, being in the highest versus the lowest quartile of the “active and non-sedentary pattern” was associated with a 32% lower mortality (HR: 0.68: 0.57–0.82; p-trend:<0.001); it corresponds to being 4-year younger.

Conclusion: The “sedentary and non-active” pattern had a large impact on mortality. The “active and non-sedentary” pattern showed an opposite and slightly lower association.