大学生心理弹性、应对方式与睡眠质量的关系研究

分析大学生心理弹性对睡眠质量的影响以及应对方式在心理弹性对睡眠质量的影响过程中产生的中介效应。采用问卷法分别对随机选取的206名在校大学生进行心理弹性、应对方式以及睡眠质量状况研究,结果发现,三个变量间两两的相关性极其显著,并且通过Process分析发现,应对方式在心理弹性与睡眠状况之间产生部分中介效应。     

Perceptions of sleep duration,patterns and emotional and behavioural difficulties: a study of Greek adolescents

The study investigated adolescent students’ perceptions of sleep duration and patterns, and the way they relate to emotional and behavioural difficulties. Five hundred and two students from public schools in Greece completed the Sleep Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). It was demonstrated that consistency in sleep duration and quality in sleep patterns were associated with a reduction in adolescents’ reports of emotional and behavioural difficulties. Sleep duration was similarly distributed across gender, while sleep patterns were gender‐specific. Distinct differential effects of gender, sleep duration and patterns to adolescents’ emotional and behavioural difficulties were also found. These findings and their implications for research and practice are discussed, within the scope of the biopsychosocial framework in education.     

国内四省区普通中小学作业情况调查研究

以自编问卷调查北京、山西、四川、澳门四省市的1、3、5、8、11年级学生连续1周的课外作业情况、作息时间及课外活动安排。调查结果显示:学生作业时间严重超标;学生作业类型单一,以记忆、背诵为主的巩固类作业为主;作业主要集中于语文、数学等主要学科,副科几乎没有作业;学生睡眠时间严重不足;中学生每日在校时间大大超过国家规定时间;学生课外活动种类少,室外活动时间偏少,时间安排不合理;学生的作业时间及课外活动时间与地域、学校类型及年级有较大关联,与学生的性别无相关。     

PIC单片机特点及应用时的注意事项

比较了PIC单片机与MCS-51系列单片机的不同，PIC单片机的特点以及应用时的注意事项。对中断、看门狗、程序跑飞等问题的进行了探讨。     

The influence of training load,exposure to match play and sleep duration on daily wellbeing measures in youth athletes

This study assessed the influence of training load, exposure to match play and sleep duration on two daily wellbeing measures in youth athletes. Forty-eight youth athletes (age 17.3 ± 0.5 years) completed a daily wellbeing questionnaire (DWB), the Perceived Recovery Status scale (PRS), and provided details on the previous day’s training loads (TL) and self-reported sleep duration (sleep) every day for 13 weeks (n = 2727). Linear mixed models assessed the effect of TL, exposure to match play and sleep on DWB and PRS. An increase in TL had a most likely small effect on muscle soreness (d = ?0.43;± 0.10) and PRS (d = ?0.37;± 0.09). Match play had a likely small additive effect on muscle soreness (d = ?0.26;± 0.09) and PRS (d = ?0.25;± 0.08). An increase in sleep had a most likely moderate effect on sleep quality (d = 0.80;± 0.14); a most likely small effect on DWB (d = 0.45;± 0.09) and fatigue (d = 0.42;± 0.11); and a likely small effect on PRS (d = 0.25;± 0.09). All other effects were trivial or did not reach the pre-determined threshold for practical significance. The influence of sleep on multiple DWB subscales and the PRS suggests that practitioners should consider the recovery of an athlete alongside the training stress imposed when considering deviations in wellbeing measures.     

The influence of an afternoon nap on the endurance performance of trained runners

The effectiveness of a nap as a recovery strategy for endurance exercise is unknown and therefore the present study investigated the effect of napping on endurance exercise performance. Eleven trained male runners completed this randomised crossover study. On two occasions, runners completed treadmill running for 30?min at 75% ?O_2max in the morning, returning that evening to run for 20?min at 60% ?O_2max, and then to exhaustion at 90% ?O_2max. On one trial, runners had an afternoon nap approximately 90?min before the evening exercise (NAP) whilst on the other, runners did not (CON). All runners napped (20?±?10?min), but time to exhaustion (TTE) was not improved in all runners (NAP 596?±?148?s vs. CON 589?±?216?s, P?=?.83). Runners that improved TTE after the nap slept less at night than those that did not improve TTE (night-time sleep 6.4?±?0.7?h vs. 7.5?±?0.4?h, P?r^{2 ?} =??0.76, P?=?.001). In runners that improved TTE, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were lower during the TTE on NAP than CON compared to runners that did not improve (?0.4?±?0.6 vs. 0?±?0, P?=?.05). Reduced exercising sense of effort (RPE) may account for the improved TTE after the nap. In conclusion, a short afternoon nap improves endurance performance in runners that obtain less than 7?h night-time sleep.     

Sleep restriction and degraded reaction-time performance in Figaro solo sailing races

Abstract

In solo offshore sailing races like those of the Solitaire du Figaro, sleep must be obtained in multiple short bouts to maintain competitive performance and safety. Little is known about the amount of sleep restriction experienced at sea and the effects that fatigue from sleep loss have on sailors’ performance. Therefore, we assessed sleep in sailors of yachts in the Figaro 2 Beneteau class during races and compared response times on a serial simple reaction-time test before and after races. Twelve men (professional sailors) recorded their sleep and measured their response times during one of the three single-handed races of 150, 300 and 350 nautical miles (nominally 24–50 h in duration). Total estimated sleep duration at sea indicated considerable sleep insufficiency. Response times were slower after races than before. The results suggest that professional sailors incur severe sleep loss and demonstrate marked performance impairment when competing in one- to two-day solo sailing races. Competitive performance could be improved by actively managing sleep during solo offshore sailing races.     

“非直接利益冲突”警示下“三旧”改造政策价值导向优化

在“非直接利益冲突”高发之际,广东省却肩负“三旧”改造的关键任务。在追求效率中,“三旧”改造出现规划轻人本、土地私权受损、收益分配失衡、优惠政策倾斜等偏差,诱发了民众的社会挫败感、不信任感、不公平感、相对剥夺感等消极心理。坚持服务、公平、民主、诚信的政策价值导向优化则是化解消极心理,预防冲突冲突的理想路径。     

Towards a Preliminary Understanding of the Social Organization of Public Libraries:

Three public libraries were examined to assess their patterns of social interaction as determined by oral communication, with the primary aim of the research being to identify liaisons within the communications network. A subsidiary aim was to determine the 'fit' of the emergent with the formal organizational structure. It was possible to compare the structures of the organizations in two cases, and in both of these cases the emergent (informal) structure matched the formal structure quite closely. Library and Information Center managers need to attach some degree of importance to such knowledge as the informal and formal structural fit may impinge upon organizational effectiveness.     

The intention to leave education early among Irish Junior Certificate Students: Variation by school

Early school-leaving imposes costs on the individual and society, and is linked to factors including gender, family income and parental education, community deprivation, and academic history. In Ireland, the role of the school in shaping patterns of early school-leaving is unclear. Employing the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) from social psychology, variation by school among Junior Certificate students in the intention to leave early was assessed, along with characteristics of the individual school and its students. Twenty Irish second-level schools were selected by systematic random sampling. All students in Junior Certificate year were asked to participate, of whom 68.84% (1131) did. Participants completed a questionnaire on intention to drop out of school, three components of the TPB in relation to school completion, demographic details, and academic results. There was evidence of a within-school culture or group representation of the value of education shaping the students’ intentions around school completion.