睡眠与运动

通过对部分运动员睡眠状况的调查分析(包括持续时间、深度和质量等)，研究了运动训练和竞赛中不同负荷、不同周期和不同阶段的睡眠特征，从而为运动员的恢复和心理调节，以及他们的训练质量和竞赛水平提供有关的参考依据。     

体育训练培养改善医学生睡眠质量的探析

体育训练培养是医学院校的重要特色性项目,也是增强学生体质以及挖掘学生潜能的培养措施,是高校提升学生复合竞争力计划中起承前启后的"五个一"工程之一。新时代的发展,医学生的睡眠质量问题日益突出,这对大学生身心健康有着重要影响,因此本文以医学生睡眠质量的现状和影响因素为切入点,对高校的体育训练培养改善医学生睡眠质量进行了探究。     

Prevalence of poor sleep quality,sleepiness and obstructive sleep apnoea risk factors in athletes

Purpose: Despite the perceived importance of sleep for athletes, little is known regarding athlete sleep quality, their prevalence of daytime sleepiness or risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) such as snoring and witnessed apnoeic episodes. The purpose of the present study was to characterise normative sleep quality among highly trained team sport athletes.

Methodology:175 elite or highly trained rugby sevens, rugby union and cricket athletes completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) and Quality of Life questionnaires and an OSA risk factor screen.

Results: On average, athletes reported 7.9?±?1.3?h of sleep per night. The average PSQI score was 5.9?±?2.6, and 50% of athletes were found to be poor sleepers (PSQI?>?5). Daytime sleepiness was prevalent throughout the population (average global score of 8.5) and clinically significant (ESS score of ≥10) in 28% of athletes. OSA may be an important clinical consideration within athletic populations, as a considerable number of athletes (38%) defined themselves as snorers and 8% reported having a witnessed apnoeic episode. The relationship between self-rated sleep quality and actual PSQI score was strong (Pearson correlation of 0.4?±?0.1, 90% confidence limits).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that this cohort of team sport athletes suffer a preponderance of poor sleep quality, with associated high levels of daytime sleepiness. Athletes should receive education about how to improve sleep wake schedules, extend total sleep time and improve sleep quality.     

Poor precompetitive sleep habits,nutrients’ deficiencies,inappropriate body composition and athletic performance in elite gymnasts

This study aimed to evaluate body composition, sleep, precompetitive anxiety and dietary intake on the elite female gymnasts’ performance prior to an international competition. Sixty-seven rhythmic gymnasts of high performance level were evaluated in relation to sport and training practice, body composition, sleep duration, daytime sleepiness by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), sleep quality by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), precompetitive anxiety by the Sport Competition Anxiety Test form A (SCAT-A) and detailed dietary intake just before an international competition. Most gymnasts (67.2%) suffered from mild daytime sleepiness, 77.6% presented poor sleep quality and 19.4% presented high levels of precompetitive anxiety. The majority of gymnasts reported low energy availability (EA) and low intakes of important vitamins including folate, vitamins D, E and K; and minerals, including calcium, iron, boron and magnesium (p?p?=?.001), sport practice (p?=?.024), number of daily training hours (p?=?.000), number of hours of training/week (p?=?.000), waist circumference (WC) (p?=?.008) and sleep duration (p?=?.005). However, it was negatively correlated with WC/hip circumference (p?=?.000), ESS (p?=?.000), PSQI (p?=?.042), SCAT-A (p?=?.002), protein g/kg (p?=?.028), EA (p?=?.002) and exercise energy expenditure (p?=?.000). High performance gymnasts presented poor sleep habits with consequences upon daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and low energy availability.     

从巴赫金的躯体理论看近年来的"躯体写作"

新时期开始,性主题的创作最初乃是为突破"文革"以来意识形态对人性本能的不正当压抑。90年代中期开始,一些女性作家秉承西方女性主义者用"躯体写作"去寻找"性别自我"的初衷,严肃刻画在女性躯体欲望的表面展现之下的深层冲突。流风所播,后来者则发展为几乎完全回避躯体文化的内在冲突,为颠覆而颠覆、为欲望而欲望,造成"躯体写作"的形而上建构意图淹没在躯体欲望的张扬之中。颠覆过度,建构阙如,最终如巴赫金所说的单纯"性"的躯体将丧失完整的躯体存在,沦于"欲望躯体"的行列。     

课堂的困境

基础教育课堂的困境主要表现在两个方面:一是课堂上学生的精力与兴趣不能适应高难度、高速度的教学内容与单一乏味的教学方法。主要原因在于学生的家庭作业量大,作习时间晚,睡眠严重不足。二是教师的课堂教学方法单一陈旧,不能适应基础教育课程改革的需要,不能适应学生主体性发展的需要。主要原因在于教师在教学方法的变革与探索方面缺乏相应的引导与机制保障,教师仍以不变的方法应对变化着的学生与变化的内容。因为学生睡眠不足,因为教师教学方法单一,课堂就成了低效的课堂,而且还形成了恶性的循环。构建高效课堂必须双管齐下,不仅在减轻学生的课业负担上做文章,而且要在课堂教学方法变革中唱好戏。     

The responsible parent and networks of support: A case study of school engagement in a challenging environment

Research, policy and practice on education in recent years has focused attention on the mediating role that parents play in children's schooling. Parents have been constructed as responsible agents; as consumers, investors and partners in the performance-oriented educational project. Much of the literature has looked at parent–school relations from the vantage point of parents, particularly parents in disadvantaged areas. Less has been written on how parent–school relations look from a school's perspective. In this article we draw on data from a case study English school in a socio-economically deprived area and explore the nature of the construct ‘responsible parent’ from the perspectives of teaching staff. We utilise data from semi-structured interviews with teaching staff in one case study school located on the outskirts of an English city. Through the data we outline teachers’ conceptions of parents and an emerging network of engagement incorporating parents as part of a broader social and education project in schools. We argue that a dominant construct, the responsible parent, has resonances with the ways that teachers conceptualise parents. At the same time, the case study school inhabits a dual institutional space: it is captured within a neo-liberal discourse on the responsible parent as a key conduit for an outcomes-oriented education project and also goes beyond the narrow confines of formal educational structures in offering ‘challenging’ parents social and emotional support in connecting with their children and their schooling.     

老年人睡眠障碍与睡眠养生

睡眠是人最重要的生理活动之一,健康良好的睡眠不仅可以养精蓄锐,更大大降低了多种疾病的发病率。老年人由于生理机能的衰退,睡眠障碍的发生率大大提高。通过调整睡眠环境来改善老年人的睡眠状态是一种行之有效的养生手段,如睡眠时间的调整、睡眠姿势的选择、睡眠环境的布置、舒适的床具、柔软的枕头、厚实的被褥等,都可以为老年人提供一个舒适的睡眠环境。     

太极拳运动对失眠患者的作用探析

太极拳是我国宝贵的文化遗产之一,是以中国传统文化为理论基础,以内外兼修,术道并重为鲜明特点的一项运动,正确认识太极拳的当代价值功能是关系到其发展方向的关键问题,本文从其对习练者心理作用的探讨,揭示出太极拳对失眠的预防与治疗价值,以期引起失眠者对太极拳的重视。     

A cross-sectional study on the deprivation and sex differences in health-related fitness measures in school children

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate deprivation and sex differences in selected health-relatedfitness measures in 9-12-year-old children. Data were captured on 3,407 children (49.3% boys; aged 10.5 ± 0.6 years). Cardiorespiratory fitness(20 m multistage shuttle run test; 20 m MSRT), muscular strength (handgrip strength) and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) scores were used to make quintile groups. A two-way Analysis of Variance examined differences in BMI z-score by sex and WIMD quintiles. Two-wayAnalysis of Covariances investigated the effect of sex and WIMD quintiles on grip strength and shuttles achieved in 20 m MSRT, adjusting for BMI z-score and maturation, repectively. Independent of sex, children in the middle quintile had a significantly higher mean BMI z-score (p = 0.029) than their least deprived counterparts. There was a significant increase in grip strength (p = 0.005) and20 m MSRT (boys p < 0.001; girls p = 0.028) between most and least deprived quintiles. Significant differences in 20 m MSRT score were more apparent with decreases in deprivation in boys.Overall, inequalities exist in health-related fitness by sex and deprivation. These results can be used to inform focused services to improve current and future health.