中国快速城市化过程中的资源环境保障问题与对策建议

中国的城市化决定着中国的未来和世界城市化进程,而中国的资源环境保障程度又直接影响着中国城市化的速度与质量。研究表明,过去30年我国城市化进程相对于世界平均状况而言,速度快但水平低。未来20年我国将有超过60％的人口居住在城市,快速城市化进程将带来日益严峻的资源环境保障问题和资源环境剥夺问题。针对这些问题,建议立足资源环境承载能力,从国家安全角度建设资源节约型与环境友好型城市;推行适速适度的城市化发展模式,不断提高城镇化发展质量;在国家“十二五”规划及中长期规划中应淡化城市化增长指标,突出资源环境约束指标;逐步消减快速城市化进程中诱发的资源环境剥夺行为,推进和谐城市化;建立中国城市化的资源环境保障转移机制,推进安全城市化;采用多维指标的领导干部政绩考核机制,以科学的评价机制促进科学的城市化。     

有氧健身操对大学生睡眠质量影响的研究

目的:探讨有氧健身操对大学生睡眠质量的影响。方法:采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷,对广州大学183名大学生进行测试。结果:进行有氧健身操训练的大学生的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数明显小于对照组的大学生(P<0.05)。结论:有氧健身操能有效改善大学生的睡眠质量。     

公平视角下中国地区碳排放权分配研究

在国际碳博弈中,碳排放权的主流分配原则有10余种之多,应用不同分配原则的分配结果差别迥异,地区对不同原则的偏好或排斥也较为悬殊。为寻求分配协商共识,要求必须建立以公平为基础的分配方案。本文首先基于2017年全球碳浓度变化测算出全球排放空间和中国的排放总额,进而利用等人均、等产出、等空间、历史排放以及地区碳汇5个单一原则实现从全国总额到地方配额的分配。根据单一原则下各地区的分配数据计算各原则对应的相对剥夺系数,并以相对剥夺系数为基础的公平感受评价构建权重,最终形成多原则综合加权的分配方案。通过对2017年为例的碳排放权分配研究,得出如下结论：①基于单一原则的配额分配结果表明,历史排放原则是最有利于中国排放权配额获取以及最能体现地区分配公平的原则。②五大原则的综合加权分配结果表明,获得配额最大的3个地区分别为：山东、江苏、广东;获得配额最小的3个地区分别为：海南、宁夏、甘肃。各省配额汇总的全国碳排放权总额为603464.5万t,与当前实际排放存在数200000万~300000万t的差距之差,与中国国际减排责任分担较为一致。③基于个体感受公平的加权分配方案具有良好的操作性、稳健性和兼容性。为切实推动全国碳排放权分配工作实施开展及更好的实现地区生态资源配置公平,主要建议如下：碳排放权配额分配要求科学合理的制定全国分配总额,使地区和企业形成稳定的配额预期;有效设计分配原则方案,兼顾公平性和可操作性,地区减排责任分担不搞“一刀切”。     

健身跑对大学生心理健康与睡眠质量的干预研究

将86名大学生分为实验组和对照组进行调查分析及实验干预,结果显示：实验组参加健身跑锻炼后匹兹堡睡眠质量指数与对照组相比有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,焦虑和抑郁分值小于对照组（P〈0.05）。研究表明：中等强度的有氧健身跑锻炼能显著提高大学生的睡眠质量,能有效改善大学生焦虑和抑郁症状,对大学生的心理健康起到积极作用。     

Effects of a physical education-based coping training on adolescents’ coping skills,stress perceptions and quality of sleep

Background: Although most adolescents successfully manage the transition between childhood and adulthood, the speed and magnitude of these changes may exceed the coping abilities of a significant number of young people. For vocational students, additional responsibilities arise during the vocational school transition and the need to balance academic and job-related requirements. An expanding body of literature suggests that adolescence is a vulnerable period for the development of psychiatric diseases and as such, the need to develop an adequate coping repertoire is receiving increasing attention globally. The growing awareness of long-term consequences of stress has led governments to instill school-based resilience promotion programs. For instance, the new physical education (PE) curriculum of vocational (vocational education and training (VET)) students in Switzerland addresses stress management, because stress-related diseases at the workplace have become commonplace among young professionals.

Purpose: Our aim was to develop, implement and evaluate a PE-based coping training (EPHECT) for VET students. Therefore, we adapted components of extant field-tested coping training programs and tailored them to the unique needs of VET students. To facilitate the standardization of the program, each teacher received a teaching manual. Moreover, drawing upon experiential learning theory, we introduced the contents of the coping training in PE class through practical, movement-based exercises in PE. Students also received a workbook for use at home.

Participants and research design: In this cluster randomized controlled trial, eight classes from a Swiss vocational school participated (N?=?131, M_age?=?16.22?±?1.12, 35% females). Two trained PE teachers implemented the program with students in the intervention group (IG?=?67) for three months, while students in the other four classes maintained regular PE (CG?=?64) to comprise the control group. To evaluate the coping training, all participants completed several self-report psychological questionnaires (assessing stress, coping and sleep) at baseline and follow-up. IG students completed further questions with regard to intervention fidelity at follow-up.

Data analysis: To evaluate possible effects of the coping training on stress, coping and sleep, a 2?×?2 repeated-measures analysis of variance design was executed with time (pre vs. post) and group (IG vs. CG) as within- and between-subject factors.

Findings: Over time, IG students significantly increased their adaptive coping compared to CG students, while stress and sleep remained relatively stable for both. Regularly completing one’s homework reinforced this effect because it was significantly associated with students’ reflection and compliance.

Conclusion: A complete and accurate implementation of a PE-based coping training can make a positive contribution to the development of adaptive coping skills among adolescents attending vocational schools. This PE-based program allows students to experience their responses to stress directly and offers opportunities to experiment with different coping strategies. Adaptive coping skills are vital for successful stress management and the prevention of stress-related disorders across the work domain and in everyday life.     

肌酸补充对葡萄糖剥夺引起的BKca电流变化和胞内游离钙离子浓度的影响

摘要：目的：大电导钙激活钾通道（BKCa）对神经元兴奋性以及动作电位发放频率具有重要调控作用。本实验拟观察肌酸补充对皮层神经元葡萄糖剥夺时BKCa电流密度及胞内钙离子浓度的影响。方法：全细胞膜片钳技术记录肌酸干预对不同时长葡萄糖剥夺原代培养大鼠皮层神经元BKCa电流的变化;应用激光共聚焦检测神经元胞内游离钙离子浓度。结果：1）葡萄糖剥夺1～2 h BKCa电流密度显著增加（P < 0.01）,4～5 h显著减小（P < 0.01）。胞内游离Ca2+荧光强度随葡萄糖剥夺1～5 h逐渐增强（P < 0.01）;2）肌酸孵育显著减小原代培养神经元BKCa电流密度以及胞内游离Ca2+荧光强度（P < 0.01）。结论：葡萄糖剥夺1～2 h使胞内游离Ca2+浓度显著升高,激活BKCa大量开放,使神经元超极化,降低神经元兴奋性：Cr可有效抑制葡萄糖剥夺引起BKCa电流增加以及胞内钙离子浓度升高,维持锥体神经元的兴奋性。     

贫困大学生相对剥夺感对人际敏感性的影响

采用大学生相对剥夺感量表、简易应对方式问卷、人际敏感性问卷,探究贫困大学生相对剥夺感、应对方式和人际敏感性三者之间的关系.结果表明:相对剥夺感、消极应对方式和人际敏感性三者之间均呈显著正相关,相对剥夺感、人际敏感性均与积极应对方式呈显著负相关.相对剥夺感对积极应对方式、消极应对方式和人际敏感性都具有显著预测作用,积极应...     

土地禀赋与农村劳动力迁移决策研究

本文从土地对中国经济欠发达地区农户的重要性出发,探讨了农户家庭土地禀赋、相对贫困与迁移决策的关系,并利用调查数据计量实证了本文提出的假说。研究发现:(1)劳均土地与家庭迁移决策成U型关系;(2)20世纪80年代出生的劳动力具有最强烈的外出愿望,该年龄段的女性劳动力外出倾向甚至大于男性;(3)26-35岁间的女性劳动力外出倾向明显降低;家庭老人替代年轻父母行使了照顾学龄前儿童的责任,这使得孩子对女性迁移的拉力作用得以弱化。我们的研究没有发现相对贫困与迁移之间联系的证据,但这更可能是数据的局限而不是假说的问题。     

Drowsing: toward a concept of sleepy screen engagement

Sleep frequently intersects with media technologies in routinized yet unpredictable ways. This article proposes a concept of “drowsing” to describe how sleepiness occurs and persists across aspects of banal media life. Focusing on nighttime tablet use and blue light engagement, we argue that sleep requires a multidimensional and embodied account of how cultural practices, biological rhythms, and incidental occurrences interact. Ultimately, focusing on sleep suggests the contradictory roles that technologies play within the duration of everyday life—both providing a sense of calmness and deceleration, even as they accelerate life or contribute to long-term bodily harm.     

智能手机时代医学生智能手机成瘾现状及其对学习、睡眠的影响研究

智能手机时代,我国大学生基本人手一部智能手机,智能手机在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色,而大学生智能手机成瘾备受关注,此次研究从医学生的角度探究智能手机成瘾与学习、睡眠的影响关系。