对东莞市中学生课业、睡眠、饮食与体育锻炼的调查分析

采取问卷调查的方法,对中学生课业负担、睡眠状况、饮食行为和体育锻炼情况进行调查。结果发现：80.9%的中学生每天的学习时间超过国家规定标准,60.7%的中学生睡眠时间不足,50.7%的中学生早餐不规律、超过三成的中学生有偏食和零食习惯,79.7%的中学生每天体育锻炼时间不达标,仅有16.2%的中学生养成体育锻炼的习惯。结果表明：中学生课业负担重,导致熬夜、睡眠不足现象比较严重,同时中学生不良饮食行为问题突出,特别是运动不足问题令人堪忧。     

大学生孤独对抑郁和睡眠质量的影响:沉思的中介

本文探讨大学生沉思在孤独与抑郁情绪和睡眠质量之间的中介作用。采用UCLA孤独量表、沉思反应量表(RRS)、流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)和匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)对700名大学生进行施测。根据测量结果,认为沉思在孤独与抑郁情绪和睡眠质量之间起到部分中介作用,沉思是孤独与消极健康状况的重要影响机制。     

褪黑素的生物学作用研究进展

褪黑素是存在于从藻类到人体等多种生物体中的一种激素类化合物,因能使产生黑色素的细胞颜色变浅而得名.国内外对褪黑素的生物学作用开展了广泛的研究,表明其具有调节睡眠、抗衰老、调节免疫、抗肿瘤等多项生理功能.本文主要介绍了褪黑素的生物合成和代谢途径,以及近年来有关褪黑素生物学作用的研究,并对褪黑素的开发前景进行了讨论.     

相对被剥夺感：社会转型期影响居民幸福感的重要因素

社会转型期,新旧因素相互交替,社会结构不断分化与重组,在这个过程中必然出现结构失调、社会失序等不和谐现象,即使社会转型是一个帕累托改进过程,这种现象也不会消弭。在社会转型过程中,相对于受益较多的一方来说,受益较少的一方虽然自身利益的绝对值也在增加,但其增加值少于另一方时就会产生一种“相对被剥夺感”。这种“相对被剥夺感”往往比“绝对被剥夺感”更加普遍存在,也更加严重影响转型社会居民的幸福感。     

急性部分睡眠剥夺状态下高强度运动前后的静息态脑电微状态分析

目的:探究青少年在急性部分睡眠剥夺状态下进行高强度运动前后静息态脑电(EEG,electroencephalography)微状态的变化特征。方法:选取20名健康男性青少年(18~22岁)为实验对象,前后两次随机在正常睡眠(Control)和单次部分睡眠剥夺(Sleep Deprivation,SD)的状态下,于次日上午参与跑台的布鲁斯(Bruce)运动方案;对其运动前后6min的静息态EEG信号进行采集,基于Matlab软件对数据进行微状态分析,选取持续时间、时间覆盖率、发生频率、转换概率作为分析指标。结果:与Control相比较,受试者SD状态下的微状态C的持续时间和时间覆盖率显著增加(P<0.05),微状态D的发生频率显著减少(P<0.05),微状态A和B更倾向于向C转换(P<0.05);而SD后进行大强度运动导致受试者微状态C的持续时间和时间覆盖率极显著增加(P<0.001),微状态D的持续时间和发生频率显著减少(P<0.05),微状态A、B更倾向于向C转换,而微状态C更倾向于向B和D转换(P<0.05 & P<0.01)。结论:睡眠缺失会破坏静息态网络之间的动态平衡,这种失衡在睡眠不足状态下进行运动后会更加严重高强度。     

论罗马法中的人格剥夺

刑罚制度是人类文明的一种,作为对犯罪这种反社会行为的“否定之否定”,刑罚制度中无疑会具有更多的强制性因素;一旦这些强制性因素被滥用,刑罚就具有滑向野蛮的巨大危险.而刑罚最野蛮的表现,莫过于否定“人之为人”的资格,在法律上将人由主体降格为客体.这种“人格剥夺刑”在人类历史之处曾经普遍存在.回顾罗马法中的人格剥夺制度,为系统研究“人格剥夺刑”的发展、演变及消亡可奠定必备的基础.     

Involvement of phosphatidate phosphatase in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Lipid biosynthesis is essential for eukaryotic cells, but the mechanisms of the process in microalgae remain poorly understood. Phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase or 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to form diacylglycerols and inorganic orthophosphates. This reaction is integral in the synthesis of triacylglycerols. In this study, the mRNA level of the PAP isoform CrPAP2 in a species of Chlamydomonas was found to increase in nitrogen-free conditions. Silencing of the CrPAP2 gene using RNA interference resulted in the decline of lipid content by 2.4%–17.4%. By contrast, over-expression of the CrPAP2 gene resulted in an increase in lipid content by 7.5%–21.8%. These observations indicate that regulation of the CrPAP2 gene can control the lipid content of the algal cells. In vitro CrPAP2 enzyme activity assay indicated that the cloned CrPAP2 gene exhibited biological activities.     

运动干预对城市老年群体睡眠障碍的影响

采用实验测评的方法对城市老年失眠症患者进行运动干预,为期三个月的研究发现:药物疗法配合运动干预比单纯的药物治疗效果更好;实验一组和实验二组睡眠结构在NREM浅睡期、NREM深睡期、REM睡眠期、醒觉总时间等四个维度上有非常显著性差异,在入睡潜伏期、睡眠总时间和醒觉次数上没有明显差异,提示实验一组被试睡得更"沉"、更"香",具有更高的睡眠质量,这表明对于失眠症患者来说,有氧运动辅以抗阻训练的综合锻炼方式比单纯的有氧运动效果更好。     

Effects of 72-h of exercise abstinence on affect and body dissatisfaction in healthy female regular exercisers

Abstract

In this study, we compared the effects of a 72-h exercise abstinence period and normal exercise on the affect and body dissatisfaction of 58 healthy women (mean age 26.1 years, s = 8.2) who exercised at least four times per week, and explored the relationship between the changes in affect and body dissatisfaction. Participants completed the UWIST-MACL and Body Dissatisfaction Scale to assess affect and body image, and were randomized to an abstinence or control group. Affect and body image for both groups were re-assessed following the 72-h abstinence period. Compared with the control group, the abstinence group had a significant decrease in hedonic tone and energetic arousal, and a significant increase in tense arousal and body dissatisfaction from pre-intervention to post-intervention. There were no significant relationships between the changes in body dissatisfaction and the components of affect. A 72-h exercise abstinence period resulted in increased affect disturbance and body dissatisfaction in regularly active women.     

Acute sleep hygiene strategy improves objective sleep latency following a late-evening soccer-specific training session: A randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sleep hygiene (SH) education on sleep quality in soccer players after a late-evening small-sided-game (SSG) training session. Twenty-nine non-professional players were recruited and allocated to either an experimental group (EG, n = 17) that received SH education, or a control group (CG, n = 12). SSG consisted of 3 × 4 min in a 4vs4, with 3 min of recovery and was performed at 8.00 p.m. Sleep quality was monitored via actigraphy and sleep diary entries before (PRE) and two nights after (POST1, POST2) the SSG. Sleep latency (SL) differed between the two groups at POST1 (4.9 ± 5.4 vs. 15.5 ± 16.1 for EG and CG, respectively; p = 0.017, effect size [ES] = 2.0); SL values were lower at POST1 compared to PRE for the EG (?47%; p = 0.021, ES = 0.6). Subjective sleep quality was better in the EG than the CG at POST1 (8.6 ± 1.0 vs. 7.1 ± 2.0 for EG and CG, respectively; p = 0.016, ES = 0.9) with a significant improvement over PRE-values (+11.0%, p = 0.004, ES = 0.8). Although SL and subjective sleep quality did not decrease significantly from POST1 to POST2 values at POST2 no longer differed significantly form baseline and, hence, indicate that observed effects may be short-lasting. No other objective sleep indices were influenced by late-evening training or SH practices implemented by the EG. Soccer players may benefit from acute SH strategies to reduce the time to sleep onset after late-evening training sessions.