Analysis of repeated high-intensity running performance in professional soccer

Abstract

The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to characterize repeated high-intensity movement activity profiles of a professional soccer team in official match-play; and (2) to inform and verify the construct validity of tests commonly used to determine repeated-sprint ability in soccer by investigating the relationship between the results from a test of repeated-sprint ability and repeated high-intensity performance in competition. High-intensity running performance (movement at velocities >19.8 km · h^?1 for a minimum of 1 s duration) was measured in 20 players using computerized time–motion analysis. Performance in 80 French League 1 matches was analysed. In addition, 12 of the 20 players performed a repeated-sprint test on a non-motorized treadmill consisting of six consecutive 6 s sprints separated by 20 s passive recovery intervals. In all players, most consecutive high-intensity actions in competition were performed after recovery durations ≥61 s, recovery activity separating these efforts was generally active in nature with the major part of this spent walking, and players performed 1.1 ± 1.1 repeated high-intensity bouts (a minimum of three consecutive high-intensity bouts with a mean recovery time ≤20 s separating efforts) per game. Players reporting lowest performance decrements in the repeated-sprint ability test performed more high-intensity actions interspersed by short recovery times (≤20 s, P < 0.01 and ≤30 s, P < 0.05) compared with those with higher decrements. Across positional roles, central-midfielders performed more high-intensity actions separated by short recovery times (≤20 s) and spent a larger proportion of time running at higher intensities during recovery periods, while fullbacks performed the most repeated high-intensity bouts (statistical differences across positional roles from P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). These findings have implications for repeated high-intensity testing and physical conditioning regimens.     

The influence of pitch dimensions on performance during small-sided and conditioned soccer games

Abstract

This study examined the influence of pitch dimensions in small-sided soccer games in shaping opportunities for performers to maintain ball possession, pass to teammates and shoot at goal. Fifteen amateur standard male participants (M = 21.87, σ = 1.96 years) played 5 v 5 small-sided soccer games in three varying pitch conditions (28 m × 14 m, 40 m × 20 m and 52 m × 26 m). Thirty sequences of play in each condition were selected for digitisation using TACTO software, allowing the capture of bi-dimensional displacement coordinate data of all players and the ball. The values of interpersonal distance between all attackers and immediate defenders and the relative distances of defenders to intercept a shot and a pass were computed as dependent variables. Results showed existence of fewer opportunities to maintain ball possession on smaller pitches, compared to medium and larger pitches. Conversely, the different dimensions set to the pitch did not influence opportunities for players to shoot at goal, or to perform passes to other teammates. By examining the specific spatial–temporal relationships of players and key-task constraints, the data from this study explain how effects of manipulating pitch dimensions of small-sided games might enhance opportunities for acquiring specific movement and decision-making skills.     

探析影响CBA联赛中外援与本土球员和谐发展的主要因素——以2012～2013赛季CBA总决赛为例

以参加2012~2013赛季CBA总决赛的2支队伍广东队与山东队为例,采用录像观察法、文献资料法和数理统计法对2队4场比赛中主要上场队员的技术统计数据进行对比分析,结果表明:外援占据着绝对上场时间,本土年轻球员上场时间得不到保障,外援的强势与本土年轻队员自身实力的差距以及外援与本土球员待遇差距过大等因素是影响CBA联赛中外援与本土球员和谐发展的主要因素。     

第十二届男排世界杯各队得分最多队员的主要技术特征分析

运用文献资料法、录像分析法、数理统计法等方法,对第十二届男排世界杯得分最多的球员在比赛中发球、接发球、拦网、扣球等方面的数据进行分析,得出如下结论:(1)本届男排世界杯得分最多队员的各种基本情况;(2)跳发大力球是得分最多队员的主要发球方式;(3)绝大部分接应二传放下接发球任务,且大部分是本队的得分最多队员。本文对各种数据的分析希望能为以后得分最多的男排队员的选材、发球,扣球及拦网技术的训练、比赛过程中各种技术数据的统计分析以及排球运动员的管理提供参考。     

Association of different types of playing surfaces with bone mass in growing girls

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare bone mass in young female athletes playing ball games on different types of playing surfaces. About 120 girls, 9–13 years of age (10.6 ± 1.5 years old Tanner I–III) were recruited and divided into prepubertal and pubertal groups. The sample represented 3 groups of athletes: soccer (N = 40), basketball (N = 40), and handball (N = 40); and 6 different playing surfaces (soccer – ground, soccer – artificial turf, basketball – synthetic, basketball – parquet, handball – synthetic, and handball – smooth concrete). Total and regional body composition (bone mass, fat mass, and lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The mechanical properties of the surfaces (force reduction, vertical deformation, and energy return) were measured with the Advanced Artificial Athlete (Triple A) method. The degree of sexual development was determined using Tanner test. The pubertal group showed that soccer players on the ground, basketball players on synthetic, and handball players on smooth concrete had higher values of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05) than the soccer players on the artificial turf, basketball players on parquet, and handball players on synthetic. In conclusion, a hard playing surface, with less vertical deformation and force reduction, and greater energy return, is associated with higher levels of BMD and BMC in growing girls, regardless of the sport they practice.     

女子足球运动员踝关节损伤的调查与分析

通过文献资料方法、调查问卷法等相关方法,对女子足球运动员的运动损伤的进行调查分析,结果显示女子足球运动员的踝关节损伤者较为普遍。对运动损伤的原因进行分析,并提出了相应的预防措施,加强健康保健意识等预防治疗措施,旨在一定程度上减少女子足球运动员的损伤发生。以最大限度减少足球运动中的踝关节损伤。     

Acute responses of soccer match play on hip strength and flexibility measures: potential measure of injury risk

Abstract

Regular measurements of groin risk factors may offer a preventive measure against injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to (1) determine minimal detectable change (MDC) and reliability of hip flexibility and strength measures and to (2) identify the effect soccer match play load has on these measures. Reliability was determined for bent knee fall out test, hip abduction and adduction (hand-held dynamometry (HHD)) in 20 trained youth male soccer players. Reliability was evaluated with the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC_[2,1]), 95% confidence intervals (CI). Hip strength and flexibility measures were taken before and after an international friendly match. Intra-rater reliability ICC ranges were bent knee fall out (0.75–0.90), abduction (0.83–0.90) and adduction (0.72–0.96). Inter-rater ICCs (95% CI) were bent knee fall out test [0.75 (0.39–0.90) right, 0.71 (0.27–0.89) left hip]; abduction [0.80 (0.50–0.92) right, 0.81 (0.53–0.92) left hip] and adduction [0.72 (0.31–0.89) right, 0.70 (0.26–0.88) left hip]. MDCs were as low as 20.7% of the mean for hip flexibility and 12.5% for strength. In conclusion, HHD and the bent knee fall out test are reliable tools to measure changes in hip strength and flexibility. Finally, a threshold may exist in which match play load negatively impacts hip flexibility.     

足球裁判员培训仿真系统的研制

简要介绍了Visual Basic6.0面向对象可视化编程技术在足球裁判培训的应用，利用它的可视化编程和代码编程技术，建造了虚拟现实的比赛环境，实现了交互式的裁判培训仿真系统，使系统具有可扩展性，可以用于其它内容的培训和教学。     

试论中国足球球迷文化

运用社会学、文化学、哲学的理论与方法，从历史背景、民族心理、体育文化、体育产业等多角度、多方位全面系统地研究球迷这一业余体育团体文化，为促进我国群众性体育团体开展体育文化创建工作提供参考意见。     

日本足协“三位一体”强化体制中青少年培养模式

21世纪日本足球在世界杯比赛中进入16强，展示出较高的足球的组织能力、技战术素养、个人能力和严明的纪律，涌现一批有潜力的优秀年轻选手，将成为2006年世界杯日本足球希望的主力阵容，这是日本足球协会多年一贯坚持和倡导的日本足球“三位一体”(即各类国家队、青少年培育、指导者培养)强化体系和“以世界一流水平为标准”强化政策的构想，重视青少年选拔和培育、抓好梯队建设和注重个性化的培养，铸造出有潜力的“黄金一代”优秀年轻选手的回报。我国足球在青少年培育模式方面与日本大致相同，但实质上有着很大差异。本文对日本足球协会“三位一体”强化政策中青少年培养模式进行分析研究，学习和借鉴日本足球协会在青少年选拔和培育方面的成功经验。