Investigating married adults’ communal coping with genetic health risk and perceived discrimination

Increased genetic testing in personalized medicine presents unique challenges for couples, including managing disease risk and potential discrimination as a couple. This study investigated couples’ conflicts and support gaps as they coped with perceived genetic discrimination. We also explored the degree to which communal coping was beneficial in reducing support gaps and ultimately stress. Dyadic analysis of married adults (N?=?266, 133 couples), in which one person had the genetic risk for serious illness, showed that perceived discrimination predicted more frequent conflicts about alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-related treatment, privacy boundaries, and finances, which, in turn, predicted wider gaps in emotion and esteem support, and greater stress for both spouses. Communal coping predicted lower support gaps for both partners and marginally lower stress.     

高校图书馆社交媒体阅读推广实证研究

文章通过调查问卷分析高校图书馆用户对社交媒体阅读推广的需求和影响因素。研究表明:微信是用户使用频率最高的社交媒体,图书推荐是用户评价度最高的微信阅读推广类型,阅读服务是用户需求度最高的社交媒体阅读推广类型;用户的性别、学科背景和年级对需求存在显著影响。文章建议:建设以微信、微博为主的阅读推广平台,加强社交媒体阅读服务,积极开展推广活动,提供差异化的阅读推广服务,强化社交媒体平台的宣传推广。     

Research universities on the ResearchGate social networking site: An examination of institutional differences,research activity level,and social networks formed

As one of the largest active academic social networking sites, ResearchGate (RG) has been utilized by scholars to share publications, seek collaborators, communicate work in progress, and build scholarly reputation. This study collects data from RG users from 61 U.S. research universities at different research activity levels, as categorized by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, to examine the impact of institutional differences on RG reputational metrics. The results confirm that RG is a research-oriented academic social networking site that closely and realistically mirrors the research activity level of institutions. With an increase in the research activity level of a university, its affiliated RG users tend to have higher RG scores, more publications and citations, and more profile views and followers, while the average number of reads of their publications and followees tend to be lower and fluctuant. In addition, RG users primarily follow others from institutions of a higher research activity level, forming virtual social networks centered around esteemed institutions. The study suggests academic social networks can serve as indicators in evaluation of research activities among research institutions, and such sites can be helpful and credible for acquiring resources, keeping informed about research, and promoting academic influence.     

Nurturing Authority

When considering the role of local journalism in a networked media environment, it is crucial to examine how audiences attribute news with the power to define social knowledge. In particular, television news programs need to appeal to audiences by reinforcing a sense of local journalistic authority to assert the parameters of who and what is worthy of coverage. This article presents the findings from interviews with a range of commercial television news viewers in Sydney, Australia. It positions viewership in the context of people’s wider engagement with news, and in relation to their interpersonal and digital social interactions. The paper argues that local audiences have conflicting attitudes to the role of television news, both contesting and re-inscribing the programs with the power to demarcate social, political, and cultural knowledge. It traces how local audiences challenge the ability of news to convey boundaries within the community through processes of exclusion, connecting the contestations to the lived experiences of the individuals. It identifies that television news programs nurture journalistic authority in terms of their local relevance, and it contributes insights on the significance of local news by engaging with the means by which audiences themselves attach social power to journalism.     

Contesting Communities

This introductory article to the combined special issue of Journalism Studies and Journalism Practice provides an overview of some of the key contemporary approaches to studying journalism and social order. It argues the need to step beyond a functionalist framework when considering the news media’s central role in shaping social connections, community and cohesion. To advance our understandings of social order, our paper suggests a greater emphasis of the significance of journalism’s relationship to the wider social sphere along with three other key considerations, including (1) a critical focus on the relationship between media, politics and social order, especially in defining and/or negotiating “anti-social” practices and social disintegration; (2) a more refined focus on the “imagined” and geographic boundaries of news audiences in digital spaces; and (3) the changing relationship to norms and conventions of journalism practice from trust and legitimacy to the role of journalists as arbiters and connectors across social spaces.     

A Follower-Centric Approach to Leadership in the Newsroom

This article analyses leadership in the newsroom of the Spanish newspaper El País as well as its impact on the craft of journalism more generally. Through 23 in-depth interviews, we try to elucidate how the newsroom constructs its leaders (in the newsroom, what does it mean to be a leader?), paying particular attention to the main skills considered to be necessary. According to our newsroom findings, not all heads of section or editors-in-chief are leaders, a fact that questions formal authority relations and proclaims expertise and know-how as discriminatory skills. This study emphasizes that the collective recognition of a leader is not an ultimate disposition, but can vary over time: consequently leaders who do not achieve the professional requirements of the newsroom can be denied the status, despite their expertise and experience. Our findings indicate that leaders at El País are those journalists (no matter what their positions) with strong capacities and skills (fundamentally experience, expertise and creativity) to manage form (relationships) and substance (contents) in the daily work of the newsroom. In short, journalists seen as leaders combine reiterated and strong qualities and merit, graphically reflected in the texts they have published for years in the newspaper.     

苏区社会变迁中的非正式制度分析——基于对宗族改造的反思

当乡村作为革命的嚆矢时,宗族被视为革命的羁绊而成为打击对象。在其后苏区的社会整合中,中共力图通过基层政权建设使宗族走向国家。然而考察苏区整个历史变迁过程,农民的宗族意识并没有完全消除,宗族势力还时隐时现,且在苏区沦陷后很快又得以恢复。通过对宗族改造的考察,我们发现,在社会变迁过程中,产生于自然经济基础之上的文化传统、意识形态等非正式制度具有巨大的弹性,要消弭其对社会发展的消极影响,需要一个长期的、连续的冲击。     

武汉市经济社会发展多目标预警体系研究

研究了武汉市经济社会发展预警系统的基本理论,设计出武汉市经济社会发展的预警系统结构,建立了预警指标体系和预警模型,应用层次分析法和系统模糊决策法,通过专家调查分析,得到了各指标的重要性权数,为武汉市经济社会发展预警管理提供了科学的方法。     

班级特性的建构与成形群体观

班级特性往往通过相应的教育活动展现出来,而对班级特性的不同认识又反过来影响着班级教育活动。三种代表性的班级特性观虽然持论不一,但都将班级视为一种固定的、外在的、客观的、可以对象化把握的确定性客体来加以认识和理解。其实,所有对班级基本特性的认识都是一种叙事,这种叙事不仅建构话语本身,还建构了话语能指背后的所指。将班级还原为成形群体,一方面最符合我们对班级直接观察的现象学真实;另一方面也以一种开放的框架包容群体或组织概念在解释班级现实问题时的叠合与冲突。这种不确定的社会建构性,将各种可能性和开放性结合进班级教育管理工作的艺术之中,有助于保证学生社会性与个性的协调发展。     

我国幼儿园社会教育的进展、问题及改进策略

社会教育作为幼儿全面发展教育的重要内容之一,近年来有了长足的进步。社会教育成为幼儿园一个独立的课程领域,明确了幼儿园社会教育的目标和内容,并认识到社会教育应促进幼儿社会认知、社会情感、社会行为等方面的和谐发展,观照了幼儿自身发展的需要。但在实际教育活动中,幼儿园社会教育还存在着一些问题,如将社会教育简单化、表面化,忽视对幼儿社会态度的培养,社会教育的整体性、随机性体现得不够,幼儿社会教育某些目标及内容起点、要求偏高,对幼儿个性品质的某些方面重视不够等。改进幼儿园社会教育,需要强化幼儿社会教育观念,拓展幼儿社会教育课程领域,改进幼儿社会教育方法。