‘The life of crime does not pay; stop and think!’: the process of co-constructing a prototype pedagogical model of sport for working with youth from socially vulnerable backgrounds

Purpose: This study discusses the process of co-constructing a prototype pedagogical model for working with youth from socially vulnerable backgrounds.

Participants and settings: This six-month activist research project was conducted in a soccer program in a socially vulnerable area of Brazil in 2013. The study included 17 youths, 4 coaches, a pedagogic coordinator and a social worker. An expert in student-centered pedagogy and inquiry-based activism assisted as a debriefer helping in the progressive data analysis and the planning of the work sessions.

Data collection/analysis: Multiple sources of data were collected, including 38 field journal/observation and audio records of: 18 youth work sessions, 16 coaches’ work sessions, 3 combined coaches and youth work sessions, and 37 meetings between the researcher and the expert.

Findings: The process of co-construction of this prototype pedagogical model was divided into three phases. The first phase involved the youth and coaches identifying barriers to sport opportunities in their community. In the second phase, the youth, coaches and researchers imagined alternative possibilities to the barriers identified. In the final phase, we worked collaboratively to create realistic opportunities for the youth to begin to negotiate some of the barriers they identified. In this phase, the coaches and youth designed an action plan to implement (involving a Leadership Program) aimed at addressing the youths’ needs in the sport program. Five critical elements of a prototype pedagogical model were co-created through the first two processes and four learning aspirations emerged in the last phase of the project.

Implications: We suggest an activist approach of co-creating a pedagogical model of sport for working with youth from socially vulnerable backgrounds is beneficial. That is, creating opportunities for youth to learn to name, critique and negotiate barriers to their engagement in sport in order to create empowering possibilities.     

发达国家体育社团发展的经验与启示*

当前我国体育社团发展尚不成熟,整体力量薄弱,自治能力不强,与其所要肩负的社会责任相比存在较大的差距.国外许多发达国家的体育社团发展较成熟,其成功经验可以为正处于转型与改革中的我国体育社团发展提供有益的启示.发达国家体育社团具有社会合法性与自主性、体育社团实行规范化管理且法制建设相当完善.发达国家体育社团采取的有借鉴意义的策略主要包括:建立多元化的社会关系网络、实施品牌化发展战略、开展经营活动.在借鉴发达国家体育社团发展经验的基础上,提出了有助于创新我国体育社团发展思路的几点启示:重视社会资本的积极培育、重视品牌建设的有效开展、重视市场营销的适度运用.     

高校体育人文环境的现状分析与优化对策研究*

在大学的四项主要职能中,人才培养和文化传播都与一所高校的体育人文环境有着密切联系.在优秀人才的培养中,德、智、体、美四维之中,体即一端."身心俱健"的要求需要体育教育和体育活动来保证;在优秀文化传播中,"终身体育"的意识正在逐步深入人心,作为社会先进文化辐射源的大学体育文化与各项体育活动对社会起着示范和引领作用.随着青少年体质健康工作日益受到重视,各高校正在将体育人文环境的创设与优化作为改善学校品质、打造学校文化特色、提升学校综合实力的重要内容.     

优秀女子网球运动员职业过渡阶段年度训练与参赛规律研究

摘要：通过文献资料法、专家访谈法和数理统计法,透过对优秀女子网球运动员职业过渡阶段年度参赛的多项指标进行分析,旨在为我国处于该阶段的优秀女子网球运动员的成长提供参考。结论如下,年度训练周期安排以“板块”小周期训练为主,采用赛练结合的小周期训练模式;赛间训练是网球运动员训练年度周期划分的一种灵活方式,训练内容、时间与强度与比赛强度和成绩有关,比赛强度越大,调整和恢复训练比重越大。比赛获胜时,运动员更容易接受教练员安排的训练内容。优秀女子网球运动员17岁进入职业过渡阶段,其完成职业过渡阶段路径可归为普通型、数量型和效率型三种类型,这与运动员身体条件和打法类型有关,高大型运动员以参赛效率为主,而身体条件较好的选手以参赛数量为主。根据运动员的打法特点,选择性参加快速或慢速场地比赛,且尽可能参加高级别赛事。运动员通常以2~3站比赛作为一个参赛单位,参赛密度逐渐增加,高级别数量增多,效率型运动员全年参赛级别呈“倒U型”分布,普通型运动员参赛级别差异性最小,数量型运动员参赛级别差异最大。     

欧洲早期滑雪运动发展社会动因及对我国的启示

摘要：成功申办2022年冬奥会以来,我国冰雪事业迎来重大发展契机,带动3亿人参与冰雪运动成为我国冬季运动发展的重要目标。采用文献资料法、历史分析法等研究方法,回顾欧洲早期滑雪运动发展的社会动因,是将滑雪运动置于整体社会发展环境中,对生产力、生产关系以及社会的需求等要素进行综合分析,其发展规律反映了生产力发展、精英引导、国家意志等因素的共同作用,体现了欧洲滑雪运动从贵族精英、健康观念形成向大众参与理念转变的发展历程。研究欧洲滑雪从少数人引领到大众参与的进程,将为我国滑雪运动大众化普及提供借鉴。分析认为：1）精英阶级对于滑雪运动的热情促成了滑雪俱乐部在欧洲的兴起,在满足休闲娱乐之余,有效地将滑雪运动与公民意识相结合,培养了社会大众对于资产阶级统治的认同感。2）军事滑雪运动的发展是滑雪运动实现精英阶级向大众推广的重要途径。一战前夕,各国滑雪部队建立,扩大了滑雪运动的参与范围,为国家军事滑雪人才奠定了基础。3）一战后,欧洲国家将滑雪运动引入学校课程体系。政府通过设置学校滑雪课程、降低滑雪价格、住宿、成本等方式鼓励青少年参与滑雪运动,打破了经济基础决定滑雪参与的局面,扩大了滑雪运动的参与群体。随着滑雪人数的增多,各国滑雪比赛逐渐增多推动了国际性滑雪组织建立,欧洲早期滑雪运动得以发展壮大。     

Progressivism and the History of the Public House, 1850–1950

ABSTRACT

In a recent article, Alistair Mutch suggests that twin concepts – ‘control’ and ‘interpretation’ – explain the evolution of the public house over a century of dramatic changes between 1850 and 1950. This article argues that these concepts are confusing, ambiguous and misleading. It was not regulatory pressures, the temperance movement, local politicians, pressure groups or magistrates that most shaped the history of drinking premises, but developments outside the brewing industry, most notably Progressivism. Emerging in the late nineteenth century, Progressives set out to reform drinkers and drink premises, first in the trust house movement, and then in the Liquor Traffic Central Control Board during the First World War. Appropriating their ideas and philosophy immediately following the war, England's foremost brewers launched the public house improvement movement, the most far-reaching attempt to transform the nature of public drinking in the twentieth century.     

Museums,schools and geographies of cultural value

This article explores a paradox and a possibility that have emerged from two pieces of policy-related research concerning educational use of museums within England. The paradox relates to the use of museums which, whilst widely perceived as rather elitist institutions, appear from a postcode analysis of school visits to museums to be visited by large numbers of schools located in areas of social deprivation. The present analysis further explores this paradox, drawing on revised postcode analysis and governmental indices of multiple deprivation and income deprivation affecting children. The analysis supports the contention that museums attracted visits from schools located in areas with some of the highest levels of deprivation, although it suggests that this result needs to be considered in relation to regional differences in areas of social deprivation, the location of museums and the differences between individual and area-based measures of deprivation. Attention is then drawn to the potential of considering museums through a geographical perspective, and specifically through Foucault's notions of primary, secondary and tertiary spatializations. It is argued that primary spatializations encompasses how museums are conceptualized and classified; secondary spatializations concern how various elements of museums are articulated together; and tertiary spatializations relate to the placement of museums in wider societal contexts and processes. It is suggested that the postcode analysis of school visits points both to the significance of considering tertiary spatializations relating to the social circumstances of museum visitors but also raised questions concerning primary spatializations of museums. Attention is drawn to changes in the classification and grouping of museums, and how these often encompass geographically based criteria related to the social reach of museums. The article ends by considering the degree to which museums might seek to further change their primary spatialization to reflect tertiary spatializations relating to cultural value.     

辩诉交易制度的价值

辩诉交易制度。不仅仅是刑事诉讼中创生了一种新的案件处理机制,而且还使刑事诉讼中出现了控辩双方互利双赢的局面,对于处理疑罪提供了一种新的选择方式。辩诉交易正是为追求效益的法律价值而设计的,诉讼程序除公正价值外,还必须考虑维护公正的社会成本。正义观念的多元理解,可以帮助辩诉交易制度减缓或释除不正义或损害正义的危险。     

和谐社会视野中的社会保障

公平正义是社会主义和谐社会的重要特征,也是社会保障制度的核心价值。社会保障同和谐社会的内在联系,决定了加强社会保障可以保障人权、体现社会公平,促进个体和谐、阶层和谐以及党群和谐,实现社会和谐。