Short-term reliability of inflammatory mediators and response to exercise in the heat

Prospective application of serum cytokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and heat shock proteins (eHSPs) requires reliable measurement of these biomarkers that can signify exercise-induced heat stress in hot conditions. To accomplish this, both short-term (7 day) reliability (at rest, n = 12) and the acute responsiveness of each biomarker to exercise in the heat (pre and post 60-min cycling, 34.5°C and 70% RH, n = 20) were evaluated. Serum was analysed for the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), heat shock protein 72 (eHSP72), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and LPS. Test–retest reliability was determined as the coefficient of variation (CV). Biomarkers with the least short-term within-participant variation were IL-6 (19%, ±20%; CV, ±95% confidence limits (CL)) and LPS (23%, ±13%). Greater variability was observed for IgM, eHSP72 and CRP (CV range 28–38%). IL-6 exhibited the largest increase in response to acute exercise (95%, ±11%, P = < 0.001) and although CRP had a modest CV (12%, ±7%), it increased substantially post-exercise (P = 0.02, ES; 0.78). In contrast, eHSP72 and LPS exhibited trivial changes post-exercise. It appears variation of common inflammatory markers after exercise in the heat is not always discernible from short-term (weekly) variation.     

Effects of heat acclimation on hand cooling efficacy following exercise in the heat

This study examined the separate and combined effects of heat acclimation and hand cooling on post-exercise cooling rates following bouts of exercise in the heat. Seventeen non-heat acclimated (NHA) males (mean ± SE; age, 23 ± 1 y; mass, 75.30 ± 2.27 kg; maximal oxygen consumption [VO₂ max], 54.1 ± 1.3 ml·kg^?1·min^?1) completed 2 heat stress tests (HST) when NHA, then 10 days of heat acclimation, then 2 HST once heat acclimated (HA) in an environmental chamber (40°C; 40%RH). HSTs were 2 60-min bouts of treadmill exercise (45% VO₂ max; 2% grade) each followed by 10 min of hand cooling (C) or no cooling (NC). Heat acclimation sessions were 90–240 min of treadmill or stationary bike exercise (60–80% VO₂ max). Repeated measures ANOVA with Fishers LSD post hoc (α < 0.05) identified differences. When NHA, C (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) had a greater cooling rate than NC (0.013 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) (mean difference [95%CI]; 0.007°C [0.001,0.013], P = 0.035). Once HA, C (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) was similar to NC (0.025 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) (0.004°C [?0.003,0.011], P = 0.216). Hand cooling when HA (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) was similar to when NHA (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) (P = 0.77). In conclusion, when NHA, C provided greater cooling rates than NC. Once HA, C and NC provided similar cooling rates.     

Short-term heat acclimation prior to a multi-day desert ultra-marathon improves physiological and psychological responses without compromising immune status

Multistage, ultra-endurance events in hot, humid conditions necessitate thermal adaptation, often achieved through short term heat acclimation (STHA), to improve performance by reducing thermoregulatory strain and perceptions of heat stress. This study investigated the physiological, perceptual and immunological responses to STHA prior to the Marathon des Sables. Eight athletes (age 42 ± 4 years and body mass 81.9 ± 15.0 kg) completed 4 days of controlled hyperthermia STHA (60 min·day^?1, 45°C and 30% relative humidity). Pre, during and post sessions, physiological and perceptual measures were recorded. Immunological measures were recorded pre-post sessions 1 and 4. STHA improved thermal comfort (P = 0.02), sensation (P = 0.03) and perceived exertion (P = 0.04). A dissociated relationship between perceptual fatigue and T_re was evident after STHA, with reductions in perceived Physical (P = 0.04) and General (P = 0.04) fatigue. Exercising T_re and HR did not change (P > 0.05) however, sweat rate increased 14% (P = 0.02). No changes were found in white blood cell counts or content (P > 0.05). Four days of STHA facilitates effective perceptual adaptations, without compromising immune status prior to an ultra-endurance race in heat stress. A greater physiological strain is required to confer optimal physiological adaptations.     

建设校本特色课程视域下我国民族传统体育资源的应用研究*

民族传统体育是中华传统体育文化的重要组成部分,是各民族文化的综合体现和精神家园.通过文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法,对我国民族传统体育与校本特色课程协同发展的关联性进行了探讨.指出:(1)民族传统体育并不仅仅是一种"体育"资源,更是一种传统文化"传承"教育资源.(2)开发应用民族传统体育资源,促进学校体育与民族体育接轨发展,建构校本特色体育课程,是学校体育教育与民族传统体育实现"双赢"的基本路径.(3)构建特色民族传统体育校本课程,不能流于形式,应因地制宜、因势利导.     

优秀沙排运动员薛晨肩关节脱臼的运动功能康复训练效果分析

摘要：目的：通过对我国优秀沙滩排球运动员薛晨肩关节脱臼术案例进行分析,探索优秀运动员备战奥运会期间从手术后到重返训练场间的身体运动功能康复训练安排。方法：借鉴重返赛场训练的方法手段,从康复医学、体能训练和运动表现等多学科角度设计有针对性的康复训练方法。通过对比训练前后关节活动度、肌肉力量、功能动作筛查结果以及下肢力量爆发力测试结果检验以优秀沙滩排球运动员肩关节脱臼为个案分析重返赛场的可行性训练策略。结果：通过10周身体运动功能训练,运动员下肢爆发力、损伤侧肩关节内外旋活动度、均有所增加。功能动作筛查分数降低。但损伤侧肩关节内旋肌力、腹侧核心耐力有所下降。结论：以优秀沙滩排球运动员肩关节脱臼重返赛场的训练策略为个案分析,探索从运动损伤术后至重返赛场训练过程的周期安排、训练方法的有效性;通过科学整合康复训练、体能训练和专项技术训练不同训练内容,循序渐进的帮助运动员恢复专项技术和运动能力。     

中国特色社会主义文化建设的具体概念

社会主义核心价值体系的形成和确立,是中国共产党长期以来文化建设规律性认识成果的凝结,是党在与时俱进的理论创新道路上的又一重要成果,是新时期中国特色社会主义文化建设的根本指南.对社会主义核心价值体系由抽象上升到具体的形成过程的揭示,有助于我们全面深入地理解其历史地位和重要作用.     

试论保守力具势的证明

本文借鉴热力学中一种巧妙的证明方法,用直观的物理论证给出了保守力具势的充分性证明,克服了以往在理论力学课程中只有利用复杂的数学工具才能进行充分性证明,学生难以理解的缺点．     

优秀散打运动员专项心理能力构成因素研究

以散打运动项目特征为切入点,在对陕西省散打队进行访谈、调查的基础上,运用心理测量方法对散打运动员专项心理能力的构成因素进行分析研究。结果表明,构成散打运动员专项心理能力的指标是认知能力、注意能力、自我控制能力。     

上海女足运动员专项速度耐力测试方法的研究

通过实验室、场地速度耐力相关指标的测试和相关因素的分析,检验场地测试速度耐力方法的可靠性,为上海女运动员的体能测试组中速度耐力测试提供科学、有效的方法。结果显示：30m疲劳测试方法可以作为上海女足运动员的专项速度耐力测试方法,平均速度这一指标可以有效地反映上海女足运动员的专项速度耐力,该方法简单可靠,可操作性强,可以为上海女足运动员的专项速度耐力训练效果的评定提供科学的量化标准。     

对专项力量概念的新认识

在前人研究的基础上,从心理学角度,对心理活动对专项力量训练的影响进行了阐述,认为专项力量是指那些在外部力学特征和内部生理学特征,以及在心理适应性特征上严格按照专项比赛的技术和战术要求发挥出的综合力量。