The Use of Augmented Reality Technology in Medical Specimen Museum Tours

Human anatomical specimen museums are commonly used by medical, nursing, and paramedical students. Through dissection and prosection, the specimens housed in these museums allow students to appreciate the complex relationships of organs and structures in more detail than textbooks could provide. However, it may be difficult for students, particularly novices, to identify the various parts of these anatomical structures without additional explanations from a docent or supplemental illustrations. Recently, augmented reality (AR) has been used in many museum exhibits to display virtual objects in videos captured from the real world. This technology can significantly enhance the learning experience. In this study, three AR-based support systems for tours in medical specimen museums were developed, and their usability and effectiveness for learning were examined. The first system was constructed using an AR marker. This system could display virtual label information for specimens by capturing AR markers using a tablet camera. Individual AR markers were required for all specimens, but their presence in and on the prosected specimens could also be obtrusive. The second system was developed to set the specimen image itself as an image marker, as most specimens were displayed in cross section. Visitors could then obtain the label information presented by AR without any markers intruding on the display or anatomical specimens. The third system was comprised of a head-mounted display combined with a natural click interface. The system could provide visitors with an environment for the natural manipulation of virtual objects with future scalability.     

The Quality and Readability of English Wikipedia Anatomy Articles

Forty anatomy articles were sampled from English Wikipedia and assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitatively, each article’s edit history was analyzed by Wikipedia X-tools, references and media were counted manually, and two readability indices were used to evaluate article readability. This analysis revealed that each article was updated 8.3 ± 6.8 times per month, and referenced with 33.5 ± 24.3 sources, such as journal articles and textbooks. Each article contained on average 14.0 ± 7.6 media items. The readability indices including: (1) Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level Readability Test and (2) Flesch Reading Ease Readability Formula demonstrated that the articles had low readability and were more appropriate for college students and above. Qualitatively, the sampled articles were evaluated by experts using a modified DISCERN survey. According to the modified DISCERN, 13 articles (32.5%), 24 articles (60%), 3 articles (7.5%), were rated as “good,” “moderate,” and “poor,” respectively. There were positive correlations between the DISCERN score and the number of edits (r = 0.537), number of editors (r = 0.560), and article length (r = 0.536). Strengths reported by the panel included completeness and coverage in 11 articles (27.5%), anatomical details in 10 articles (25%), and clinical details in 5 articles (12.5%). The panel also noted areas which could be improved, such as providing missing information in 28 articles (70%), inaccuracies in 10 articles (25%), and lack or poor use of images in 17 articles (42.5%). In conclusion, this study revealed that many Wikipedia anatomy articles were difficult to read. Each article’s quality was dependent on edit frequency and article length. Learners and students should be cautious when using Wikipedia articles for anatomy education due to these limitations.     

安徽省在校大学生休闲体育活动的需求状况及对策研究

通过对安徽省部分高校在校大学生的调查,分析了安徽省大学生休闲体育活动的需求状况及特征,结果表明：大学生休闲体育项目的需求多样化,男女之间存在较大差异;大学生休闲体育活动参与形式的需求、场地设施的需求及体育指导的需求中,男女之间没有差异;大学生休闲体育消费结构的需求中,男女之间存在着差异.     

对体育课程结构改革的探讨--浅议在高校体育课中增设体育活动课

长期以来体育教学是以体育课程为主体的体育学科体系，在传统的体育教学中占有举足轻重的地位。本文通过对体育学科课程、活动课程及其与教学的关系进行比较分析，对体育活动课程的改革提出几点建议。     

Improving Academic Performance of Sport and Exercise Science Undergraduate Students in Gross Anatomy Using a Near-Peer Teaching Program

Peer and near-peer teaching programs are common in medical undergraduate courses. However, there are no studies that have investigated the effectiveness of a near-peer teaching program on the academic performance of undergraduate students pursuing sport and exercise science coursework. This study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of such a program for students who participated in a course on the functional anatomy of the locomotor apparatus. A total of 39 student participants were divided into two groups: students in one group voluntarily attended at least one session of a near-peer teaching program, and students in the other group attended no sessions. The final grade (range 0–100%) was recorded and used as an indicator of academic performance. The final grade of students who attended the near-peer teaching program (69.5 ± 16.0%) was 38.7% higher (P = 0.002, d = 1.06) than those who did not (50.1 ± 20.4%). When the academic performance of the same students was evaluated in another course (exercise physiology) that did not offer a near-peer teaching program, there were no significant differences between the groups (students who attended or did not attend the near-peer teaching program). A significant positive association was found between near-peer teaching program frequency and the number of students approved and not approved in the course (P = 0.041). A significant difference (P = 0.001) was found in the attendance at regular classes between the group who participated in the near-peer teaching program (median: 62 hours; IQR [interquartile ranges]: 4.0 hours) and those who did not (median: 58 hours; IQR: 4.0 hours). Gender was not a moderating factor on academic performance or near-peer teaching program attendance. These results highlight the effectiveness of a near-peer teaching program on the academic performance of students from a sport and exercise science degree program while enrolled in an anatomy course. Anat Sci Educ. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.     

浅析我国大众健美操运动转化为民俗的可能性

目前,在我国,大众健美操运动已经逐渐成为民众生活中重要的组成部分。一些主客观的社会发展因素正形成一股积极的力量,促使此项运动具备逐渐转化为民俗的可能性。在转化过程中,也存在着一些阻碍的因素,需要进行一定的改良才能更好地将转化变为可能。     

"体育"概念的整体性与本土化思考--兼与韩丹等同志商榷

“体育”概念是我国体育理论界长期讨论的一个问题,本文作者对此进行了思考,提出整体性与本土化的意见。作者首先回顾了我国体育理论界讨论这一问题的经过,指出了分歧的焦点所在,然后提出体育概念的整体性和本土化的理论依据。     

The validity and reliability of a novel indoor player tracking system for use within wheelchair court sports

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to investigate the validity and reliability of a radio frequency-based system for accurately tracking athlete movement within wheelchair court sports. Four wheelchair-specific tests were devised to assess the system during (i) static measurements; (ii) incremental fixed speeds; (iii) peak speeds; and (iv) multidirectional movements. During each test, three sampling frequencies (4, 8 and 16 Hz) were compared to a criterion method for distance, mean and peak speeds. Absolute static error remained between 0.19 and 0.32 m across the session. Distance values (test (ii)) showed greatest relative error in 4 Hz tags (1.3%), with significantly lower errors seen in higher frequency tags (<1.0%). Relative peak speed errors of <2.0% (test (iii)) were revealed across all sampling frequencies in relation to the criterion (4.00 ± 0.09 m · sˉ¹). Results showed 8 and 16 Hz sampling frequencies displayed the closest-to-criterion values, whilst intra-tag reliability never exceeded 2.0% coefficient of variation (% CV) during peak speed detection. Minimal relative distance errors (<0.2%) were also seen across sampling frequencies (test (iv)). To conclude, the indoor tracking system is deemed an acceptable tool for tracking wheelchair court match play using a tag frequency of 8 or 16 Hz.     

新农村建设中发展"新农村体育"的必要性、制约因素及对策

为了更好地认识和发展现时期的农村体育，以新农村建设背景下的“新农村体育”为研究对象，采用文献资料调研、逻辑分析等研究方法，对发展“新农村体育”的必要性、制约因素等问题进行了探讨。研究认为：发展新农村体育是建设社会主义新农村的题中之义，是构建和谐社会背景下体育和谐发展的必然要求，是塑造社会主义新型农民的必要途径；制约“新农村体育”发展的因素主要有经济社会因素、机构变迁和投入力度因素、导向机制因素、主体力量因素、农民文化素质因素、农村贫困文化因素等。针对上述制因，提出要大力推动实施“农民体育健身工程”，建立农村体育发展的长效机制，多方培育农村体育的主体力量等建议。     

"少林功夫"的品牌定位与推广策略分析

全球范围内的“少林功夫”热日渐升温,在这种背景下,对“少林功夫”的研究已成为一门显学。就“少林工夫”品牌的战略模式,“少林功夫”的品牌定位,“少林功夫”的品牌整合传播以及“少林功夫”商业化的尺度把握等四个方面从品牌管理的角度对“少林功夫”品牌的定位与推广策略进行了研究。