体育运动中闭合性软组织损伤的中药软膏制剂初步研究——黄柏中盐酸小檗碱的提取工艺的实验研究

文章的研究目的旨在筛选黄柏中盐酸小檗碱的提取工艺的初步研究。研究方法:以冷浸、温浸、回流、超声为主要提取方法,采用高效液相色谱法测定指标成分含量、酸性染料比色法测定总生物碱含量。研究结果:文章得到黄柏的最佳提取工艺为:10倍量盐酸-70%乙醇(1:100),70℃温浸180min。研究结论:通过系统的实验研究,确定了黄柏中盐酸小檗碱的提取工艺,为治疗闭合性软组织损伤软膏剂的进一步研究提供了物质基础。     

Mechanism of Antidiabetic Action of Compound GII Purified from Fenugreek (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonella foenum graecum</Emphasis>) Seeds

To study the mechanism of action of water soluble compound GII purified from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds which was shown earlier to have antidiabetic effect in the subdiabetic, moderately and severely diabetic rabbits. In rabbits (1–1.5 kg bw) diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of 80 mg/kg bw of alloxan. They were fed with GII at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw daily once in the morning for 15 days in the subdiabetic and moderately diabetic and 30 days in the severely diabetic rabbits. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL + VLDL cholesterol [(LDL + VLDL)C], HDL cholesterol [(HDL)C], total tissue lipids, glycogen and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, polyol pathway) hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were estimated. Liver and kidney function parameters were also estimated. Treatment with GII for 15 days in the subdiabetic and moderately diabetic rabbits and for 30 days in the severely diabetic rabbits (i) decreased the elevated lipids TC, TG, (LDL + VLDL)C and increased the decreased (HDL)C, (ii) decreased the elevated liver and heart total lipids, TC and TG, (iii) increased the decreased liver and muscle glycogen, (iv) increased the decreased hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, (v) decreased the increased glucose-6-phosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, aldose reductase. Results thus show that treatment with GII compound purified from fenugreek seeds for 15 days in the subdiabetic and moderately diabetic and 30 days in the severely diabetic rabbits corrects the altered serum lipids, tissue lipids, glycogen, enzymes of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen metabolism, polyol pathway and antioxidant enzymes. Histopathological abnormalities (fatty infiltration and other cellular changes) seen in the pancreas, liver, heart and kidneys were repaired after treatment with GII. In fact partially damaged pancreas was repaired. Liver and kidney function test results were normal in the GII treated animals indicating that GII treatment is safe and free from any side effects.     

高职院校植物组织培养课程教学改革探讨

根据高等职业技术院校固林、固艺专业学生生物学基础知识薄弱的特点,提出了高等职业院校植物组织培养课程教学改革的具体措施：调整课程内容结构、改进教学方法、优化买验组织、强化买验教学等     

加拿大杨茎段愈伤组织诱导及不定芽分化研究

以加拿大杨茎段为外植体探讨不同激素处理对愈伤组织诱导及不定芽形成的影响.研究表明,在外植体消毒中,以0.1％升汞处理4.5min时间效果最好,以MS培养基＋0.15mg·L-1TDZ＋ 0.1mg·L-1NAA＋1.0mg·L-16-BA的愈伤组织诱导率最高达60％.丛生芽诱导最佳培养基为MS培养基＋0.15mg·L-1TDZ＋0.125mg·L-1NAA＋1.25mg·L-16-BA,丛生芽诱导率达86.7％.     

Enhancement of anatomical learning and developing clinical competence of first‐year medical and allied health profession students

Hands‐on educational experiences can stimulate student interest, increase knowledge retention, and enhance development of clinical skills. The Lachman test, used to assess the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), is commonly performed by health care professionals and is relatively easy to teach to first‐year health profession students. This study integrated teaching the Lachman test into a first‐year anatomy laboratory and examined if students receiving the training would be more confident, competent, and if the training would enhance anatomical learning. First‐year medical, physician assistant and physical therapy students were randomly assigned into either the intervention (Group A) or control group (Group B). Both groups received the course lecture on knee anatomy and training on how to perform the Lachman test during a surface anatomy class. Group A received an additional 15 minutes hands‐on training for the Lachman test utilizing a lightly embalmed cadaver as a simulated patient. One week later, both groups performed the Lachman test on a lightly embalmed cadaver and later completed a post‐test and survey. Students with hands‐on training performed significantly better than students with lecture‐only training in completing the checklist, a post‐test, and correctly diagnosing an ACL tear. Students in Group A also reported being more confident after hands‐on training compared to students receiving lecture‐only training. Both groups reported that incorporating clinical skill activities facilitated learning and created excitement for learning. Hands‐on training using lightly embalmed cadavers as patient simulators increased confidence and competence in performing the Lachman test and aided in learning anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 7: 181–190. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

有氧运动对肥胖大鼠脂肪组织perilipin A基因表达的影响

目的:研究8周有氧运动对肥胖大鼠腹内脂肪组织perilipin A基因表达的影响。方法:健康雄性SD大鼠60只(60～95g),随机抽取10只作为普通膳食对照组(C),喂养标准普通饲料。其余50只喂养高脂膳食,7周后建立肥胖大鼠模型16只,再随机分为2组:肥胖非运动组(Ob,n=8)和肥胖运动组(Ob-E,n=8)。8周后测定大鼠体重、血脂、腹内脂肪组织perilipin A mRNA表达。结果:肥胖不运动组(Ob组)大鼠体重、腹内脂肪总量、脂体比、血清TG、腹内脂肪组织perilipin A mRNA表达显著高于对照C组;肥胖运动组(Ob-E组)大鼠腹内脂肪总量、脂体比、血清TG、腹内脂肪组织perilipin A mRNA表达相比Ob组显著降低。结论:8周有氧跑台运动明显降低了高脂饮食肥胖大鼠的腹部脂肪含量,改善了血脂水平及明显降低腹内脂肪组织perilipin A mRNA表达。     

60Coγ射线对红掌组培材料的辐射效应研究

以不同梯度辐射剂量的60Coγ射线处理红掌"阿拉巴马"品种的愈伤组织及组培苗,并对处理过的愈伤组织诱导植株再生和移栽。结果表明:在试验处理剂量范围内,随着辐射剂量的加大,红掌愈伤组织及组培苗的生长受抑制程度加深;愈伤组织的半致死剂量为20～30Gy;组培苗的半致死剂量为30～40Gy;辐射后的再生植株矮小且生长缓慢。     

红掌“亚丽桑娜”体细胞胚胎发生的探研

以红掌亚丽桑娜的新生嫩叶为外植体诱导红掌体细胞胚胎发生,试验结果表明：幼叶胚性愈伤组织诱导较适宜的培养基为MS＋2.4-D0.5 mg/L＋6-BA0.05 mg/L;胚状体诱导较适宜的培养基为MS＋6-BA0.5 mg/L;胚状体成苗培养基为MS＋NAA0.2 mg/L.     

红掌（Anthurium andreanum Dakota）诱导愈伤组织研究幼叶

采用红掌（Anthurium andreanum Dakota）幼叶叶片中部（带主叶脉叶片）,叶片基部（叶柄与叶片连接处）,叶尖部位作为外植体,接种在1／4MS附加不同浓度的6-BA＋2,4-D＋KT的培养基上．结果表明,红掌（Anthurium andreanum）愈伤组织的诱导率不仅与叶片不同部位有关,而且与添加外源激素的浓度及配比有关．经过60d愈伤组织诱导培养,叶片基部作为外植体诱导愈伤组织效果最好,愈伤组织诱导率最高的培养基为1／4 MS＋6-BA 0．9mg／L＋2,4-D 0．9mg／L＋KT 0．5mg／L．     

气态甲醛吸入对小鼠肺组织毒性损伤的研究

研究不同浓度的气态甲醛吸入对小鼠肺组织的病理损伤作用.以昆明雄性小鼠为实验材料,40只小鼠随机分为4组,1组对照组,其他3组分别为25%、50%、75%的甲醛溶液试剂组（小鼠全天暴露在甲醛环境中）,自由饮食,每天称小鼠体重,观察其生理、形态、行为是否有异常.四周后将其全部颈椎脱臼处死,取肺组织经HE染色后在光镜下观察其损伤情况.对照组小鼠体重增长,肺组织结构清晰,有较少的纤维化现象,肺泡壁正常;实验组小鼠均出现不同程度的肺纤维化损伤、肺泡壁增厚、毛细血管破裂、肺泡腔内出现血细胞、小鼠体重不断下降等;随着甲醛浓度的增高,肺组织病变越严重,小鼠死亡率也相对越高.甲醛吸入会引起小鼠体重减轻和肺组织纤维化,且与甲醛浓度成正相关.