运动、氧化应激与DNA损伤和修复

在分子和基因水平上对运动时氧化应激损伤、氧化应激与DNA损伤以及DNA损伤和修复等几方面关系进行探讨,旨在探讨运动疲劳和损伤发生的分子生物学基础,并对未来运动医学研究的发展趋势进行展望。     

Numerical Simulation of Response of SRC Columns Subjected to Blast Loading

The dynamic characteristics and failure modes of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns subjected to blast loading are complicated because of the transient stress wave in the SRC columns and the interaction between steel and concrete. This paper presents a numerical simulation of the response of SRC columns subjected to blast loading using hydrocode LS-DYNA. In the numerical model, a sophisticate concrete material model (the Concrete Damage Model) is employed with consideration of the strain rate effect and the damage accumulation. An erosion technique is adopted to model the spalling process of concrete. The possible failure modes of SRC columns are evaluated. It is observed that the failure of SRC columns subjected to blast load can generally be classified into three modes, namely, a direct failure in concrete body due to the stress wave, a transverse shear failure near the support sections due to the high shear force, and a flexural failure pertaining to large local and global deformation of the reinforcing steel.     

运动性骨骼肌损伤时的某些组织学、生化学及力学变化

运动性骨骼肌损伤是:体育运动中非常普遍的现象,在出现肌肉延迟性疼痛的同时,伴有肌组织结构和功能及血液生化成分的改变,表现为细胞肿胀、肌力下降、血中肌肉酶活性升高等等。研究发现肌组织的这种结构与功能的变化是暂时的,它可随运动员对某一运动形式,负荷的适应而逐渐消失。运动性骨骼肌损伤的诱发机理并不十分明了,目前认为很可能与肌组织的机械应激有关。     

Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main theaflavin derivatives through chemiluminescence and DNA damage analyses

Theaflavins (TFs) are the dimers of a couple of epimerized catechins, which are specially formed during black tea fermentation. To explore the differences among four main TF derivatives (theaflavin (TF₁), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF₂A), theaflavin-3′-gallate (TF₂B), and theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF₃)) in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, their properties of inhibiting superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxyl radical, and their effects on hydroxyl radical-induced DNA oxidative damage were systematically analyzed in the present study. The results show that, compared with (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), TF derivatives were good antioxidants for scavenging ROS and preventing the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro. TF₃ was the most positive in scavenging hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, and TF₁ suppressed superoxide. Positive antioxidant capacities of TF₂B on singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found. The differences between the antioxidant capacities of four main TF derivatives in relation to their chemical structures were also discussed. We suggest that these activity differences among TF derivatives would be beneficial to scavenge different ROS with therapeutic potential.     

论我国危害列车运行安全犯罪的立法完善

我国刑法关于危害列车运行安全犯罪的立法规定在维护铁路运输安全方面发挥着重要作用,然而和西方国家的立法相比,存在着法定起点刑过高、语言表述模糊以及过失危险犯缺失等方面的不足,导致维护列车运行安全的法律保护体系并未充分的形成和发挥作用。     

大蒜素对大鼠离心运动后不同时相血清自由基代谢的影响

目的观察大蒜素对大鼠一次性离心运动后不同时相骨骼肌结构及血清自由基代谢的影响;方法64只大鼠分为用药组和对照组;用药组每日腹腔注射大蒜素注射液20mg/kg;2周后各组完成一次跑台离心运动,在运动后即刻、24h和48h取比目鱼肌及股动脉血检测;结果电镜观察大蒜素组运动后各时相比目鱼肌损伤较对照组为轻。大蒜素组运动后24h血清SOD显著高于对照组(P<0.05),48h血清T-AOC显著高于对照组。运动后即刻,大蒜素组和对照组血清MDA都升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),且大蒜素组血清MDA非常显著低于对照组(P<0.01);结论大蒜素可显著提高离心运动大鼠抗自由基氧化的功能。     

原花青素对大鼠力竭运动后不同时相肾脏自由基代谢的影响

目的:探讨原花青素对大鼠力竭运动造成的肾损伤的保护作用.方法:通过建立一次性力竭游泳运动的模型,检测对照组、给药组运动后即刻、运动后 2h、运动后 6h肾组织中SOD、T—AOC活性、MDA含量,运动力竭时间;分析比较给药组和对照组肾脏各指标变化以及运动后的恢复情况.结果:(1)给药组游泳的时间延长,显著高于对照组.(2)2组运动后即刻SOD活性显著升高.给药组运动后2h和运动后6h显著高于对照组.(3)2组运动后即刻MDA有所增加,运动后2h达到最高,给药组各时相升高幅度均低于对照组,其中运动后2h和6h具有显著性差异.(4)运动给药组能长时间将T-AOC维持在较高水平.结论:(1)原花青素可以延缓运动疲劳的出现,提高大鼠游泳运动的能力.(2)原花青素能提高肾脏的抗氧化能力,对肾脏有一定的保护作用.     

Modeling of Light-Induced Changes in Reflectance Spectra: A Predictive Tool for the Effect of an Arbitrary Spectral Irradiance

Optical radiation is capable of altering the spectral reflectance of layers of colorants. Light damage is of particular importance in respect to unique historical objects in exhibitions. The major parameter governing this process is the spectral irradiance applied to the surface. As this may vary significantly for different light sources, an experimental investigation of the damage potential of the numerous illuminants available is a cumbersome task. In this work a numerical algorithm for the prediction of modifications of the spectral reflectance of colorants subject to a given arbitrary spectral irradiance over a given time is presented. It uses the temporal evolution of the spectral reflectance of the dye or pigment at issue when irradiated by a set of narrowband light sources as input data. The predicted reflectance spectra and the resulting color changes are compared to those measured for samples irradiated with common polychromatic light sources. The concept described in this work aims at the implementation of a standardized procedure and database for the prediction of radiative damage for a comprehensive range of pigments and dyes.     

芡实组培快繁无菌体系的建立和优化

以芡实的单芽茎段为外植体进行离体培养和植株再生的优化研究.结果表明,以MS+6-BA1.5mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L作增殖继代培养基为宜,以在MS培养基+蔗糖20g/L+琼脂5.0g/L中添加6-BA(0.1mg/L)+NAA(0.1mg/L)作生根培养基为宜,生根率最高.适当浓度的6-BA对芡实的不定芽增殖有明显的促进作用,6-BA和NAA配合使用可促进芽苗生长,对改善芡实植株组培苗质量有较好的作用.     

Potential Chemoprevention of 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Induced Renal Carcinogenesis by Moringa oleifera Pods and Its Isolated Saponin

Present investigation shows that hydroethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (MOHE) and its isolated saponin (SM) attenuates DMBA induced renal carcinogenesis in mice. Isolation of SM was achieved by TLC and HPLC and characterization was done using IR and ¹H NMR. Animals were pre-treated with MOHE (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight; p.o), BHA as a standard (0.5 and 1 %) and SM (50 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days prior to the administration of single dose of DMBA (15 mg/kg body weight). Administration of DMBA significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced level of xenobiotic enzymes. It enhanced renal malondialdehyde, with reduction in renal glutathione content, antioxidant enzymes and glutathione-S-transferase. The status of renal aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and total protein content were also found to be decreased along with increase in total cholesterol in DMBA administered mice. Pretreatment with MOHE and SM significantly reversed the DMBA induced alterations in the tissue and effectively suppressed renal oxidative stress and toxicity.