中国管理科学研究队伍的年龄结构研究

对中国管理科学11种高影响因子期刊所记录的论文作者年龄数据进行了科学计量学研究。揭示了管理科学研究队伍年龄表现的数量特征:管理科学研究队伍年龄结构为青年峰的偏单峰分布,35岁以下的第一作者已占据半壁河山且保持稳定发展;学生作者(特别是博士生)是发表管理科学论文的重要群体,构成了中国管理科学队伍的年轻化趋势;二人和三人合作是我国管理科学领域主要的科学合作形式;青年-中老、青年-老年是居于主导的二人合作年龄结构,中年-青年-老年、青年-中年-青年是常见的三人合作年龄结构;师生之间的合作研究是最主要的合作形式。     

Regulatory policy as innovation: Constructing rules of engagement for a technological zone of tissue engineering in the European Union

This paper addresses the question of the part that regulation plays in processes of innovation in sectors of technology. The politico-economic phenomenon of ‘Europe’ is partly constituted by regulatory regime-building, and new technologies are one of the major sites of regime-building. A constructionist social theory perspective shows that study of the conflictual processes of regulatory policymaking affords insights into the formation of the rules of engagement that constitute technology domains. Adopting the concept of emergent ‘technological zone’ in preference to industrial ‘sector’ or technoscientific network, the paper presents, using empirical research, a detailed account of the case of the debate and development of regulatory policy for therapeutic tissue engineering in the European Union's policy institutions and stakeholder networks. It describes how the jurisdiction of an emergent zone has been formed through such negotiations, providing a counter-example to the common view that regulation ‘lags behind’ innovation. The analysis takes account particularly of the part played by the malleability of the definition of the material technology itself in such constructive governance processes, and it also suggests various consequences for the array of producers of the technology, for market structuring and for the innovation pathways taken by tissue engineering technology. Concluding, the paper argues that there is conceptual advance to be made by bringing together constructionist social theory with innovation studies approaches that highlight the part played by non-firm, public institutions in shaping innovation ecologies.     

美国硅谷华人群体与中国国家软实力构建研究

美国硅谷是世界著名的高科技中心.经过半个多世纪的发展,如今这里汇聚了一万多家高科技公司和66万工程师,形成了一个高度发达的技术社会.在硅谷漫长的发展过程中,华人及华人群体功不可磨.他们展示出来的硬实力和软实力令人赞叹.本文以多元文化的视角比较详细的分析了硅谷华人群体软实力的现状、形态和特点,提出的一些建议和对策,这有利于我国在实施国家软实力战略中高度重视这一特殊群体的作用.     

Inhibition of preadipocyte differentiation by Lycium barbarum polysaccharide treatment in 3T3-L1 cultures

BackgroundLycium barbarum (also called wolfberry), a famous Chinese traditional medicine and food ingredient, is well recognized for its significant role in preventing obesity; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its preventive effects on fat accumulation are not well understood yet. The aim of this study was to determine the effects and mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. MTT was used to detect the proliferation of 3T3-Ll preadipocytes. Oil red O staining and colorimetric analysis were used to detect cytosolic lipid accumulation during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) technology was used to detect peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression.ResultsThe concentration of LBP from 25 to 200 μg/mL showed a tendency to inhibit the growth of preadipocytes at 24 h, and it inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In the preadipocytes treated with 200 μg/mL LBP, there were reduced lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, and its effect was opposite to that of rosiglitazone (ROS), which significantly reduced the PPARγ, C/EBPα, aP2, FAS, and LPL mRNA expression of adipocytes.ConclusionsLBP exerts inhibitive effects on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and decreases the cytoplasm accumulation of lipid droplets during induced differentiation of preadipocytes toward mature cells. Above phenomenon might link to lowered expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, aP2, FAS, and LPL after LBP treatment. Thus, LBP could serve as a potential plant extract to treat human obesity or improve farm animal carcass quality via adjusting lipid metabolism.How to cite: Xu X, Chen W, Yu S, et al. Inhibition of preadipocyte differentiation by Lycium barbarum polysaccharide treatment in 3T3-L1 cultures. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.01.003     

大数据时代医学期刊数据共享方案的实施探讨

【目的】 介绍国外医学期刊研究数据共享经验和《中华医学杂志英文版》实践,探讨适合我国期刊的数据共享方案。【方法】 对相关文献进行梳理,分析国外医学期刊有关数据共享的政策与要求,以及国内外医学期刊数据共享实施中存在的问题。【结果】 国外医学期刊虽然致力于推进数据共享,但总体效果不尽人意;我国期刊对数据共享认识不足,重视程度不够,在数据共享政策制定方面进展缓慢。期刊需要多方合作,采取相应措施,积极开展数据共享工作。【结论】 我国期刊数据共享工作尚处于初级阶段。期刊可结合自身情况,制定和完善数据共享方案。     

谈中国古代科学技术兴衰

中国传统文化作为历代流传下来的璀璨宝藏,长久居于世界文化舞台中央,在奔流不息的历史长河中激起一朵朵浪花。而中国古代科学技术作为中国传统文化的一个重要表现,在各个领域都创造了丰厚的成就和卓著的历史,对人类历史做出了伟大贡献。但中国古代科技在创造诸多成就之后,却在近代逐渐衰落,发展缓慢。该文将从中国古代科学技术的诸多成果、逐渐衰落的原因以及从中获得的启示等方面详细分析中国古代科学技术的兴衰。     

高职临床医学专业实习教学与管理问题及对策分析

临床实习的效果直接影响毕业生的专业素养和医疗服务水平。该文通过对高职临床医学专业实习存在的管理体制不健全、理论与实际脱节、实习教学模式与学生需求不符等问题的分析,提出推动医教深度融合、强化实习生在校期间的岗位适应能力培养、结合高职临床专业学生的职业定位、制定合理的实习培养模式等策略,以促进临床实习效果的提升。     

多方去扶翼 放手自翱翔——试论高中语文教学自主创新能力的培养

针对学生自主创新能力的培养,该文提出以下几点建议:主动获取知识,拓展自主创新能力;创设民主氛围,发展自主创新个性;突破传统思维,提升自主创新的原动力;开展交锋式的讨论,发挥自主创新心智;调动情绪,形成并具备自主创新品格。     

中国艺术研究院文学艺术创作研究院汇报展舞台美术专题作品赏析

欣赏中国艺术研究院文学艺术创作研究院汇报展部分作品:国庆70周年群众游行文化彩车设计、国庆70周年群众游行新疆维吾尔自治区彩车、国庆70周年群众游行台湾地区彩车,以及大明宫夜游、大型人偶音乐剧《八层半》和音舞诗画《琴乐书法》。     

网络资源在小学语文教学中的应用

随着社会的进步和科技的发展,互联网与人们的生活关系越发密切。在语文课堂中,有效利用网络创新教学方法,可以提高学生的语文学习兴趣,增强学生的读写能力。当前信息技术在小学语文课堂中不断推广,影响着教学效果和质量。运用多种信息技术可以将课本内容和图片、影音等教学素材完美结合,从而充分发挥小学生在课堂教学中的主体地位,提高教学效率和教学质量。