世界优秀短跑与跨栏运动员年度及小周期训练负荷控制特征的研究

运用文献资料、特征解析和数理统计等研究方法，对短跑与跨栏运动员的年度及小周期训练负荷控制特征进行研究。结果表明：在年度不同中周期训练过程中，准备期的速度力量训练负荷量约占年度速度力量训练总负荷量的41％-42％，赛前准备期的速度力量训练负荷量约占全年速度力量训练总负荷量的43％-44％，比赛期的速度力量训练负荷量约占全年速度力量训练总负荷量的6％-7％；而小周期运动负荷的控制特征，则表现为准备期中各小周期的训练内容是以改进技术动作作为提高竞技能力的核心，并以提高最大速度和速度耐力作为身体素质训练的主要内容，但最大力量、速度力量和有氧耐力训练仍是其重要内容之一。     

我国国家男女排运动员身体素质训练现状及存在的问题

身体素质的好坏直接影响到一个排球队伍的成绩,为了提高我国国家男女排身体素质训练的科学性和效率性,主要运用文献资料法、观察法和访谈法,对我国国家男女排运动员身体素质训练现状进行了详细分析,并找出了存在的主要问题。主要结果是:目前我国国家男女排球运动员专项身体素质训练的整体性原则体现不足;没有结合排球运动员专项身体素质的位置特征进行训练;专项身体素质训练内容重点不突出;专项素质训练内容不贴近比赛实际。     

艾灸对运动训练大鼠血乳酸、心钠素、皮质醇及脏器指数水平影响的实验研究

艾灸在改善心肺功能、提高免疫系统水平、增强机体物质储备方面有着独特功效。为探讨艾灸对运动训练大鼠皮质醇、心钠素、血乳酸水平及脏器指数的影响,以SD雄性大鼠为实验对象,建立跑台运动训练模型。将实验大鼠随机分组为安静对照组、训练对照组、艾灸训练组,每组各8只。测定皮质醇、心钠素、血乳酸及脏器指数水平等指标。研究结果显示,长期大强度训练引起大鼠体重显著性下降,艾灸可以抑制这一下降趋势;大强度训练可以引起血乳酸含量升高,艾灸加快了运动过程中血乳酸的清除速率;长期大强度训练引起大鼠心钠素水平显著性下降,艾灸可以抑制这一下降趋势;有效抑制了运动造成皮质醇水平的升高;抑制这种由于大强度耐力性项目造成的脏器指数变化。提示,艾灸可望作为现代高水平运动队常用的一种培补手段。     

中长跑运动员赛前训练的调控研究

运用实验法对参加全国第七届大学生运动会的江苏省大学生中长跑运动员和参加第十届全运会江苏队中长跑运动员的赛前训练期间的生理学指标进行跟踪测定、评价，对训练进行了调控。研究表明：用心率、心功能指数、尿蛋白、最大吸氧量、无氧功率、斯坦格试验与汉契试验、无氧闽等指标评定中长跑运动员赛前的机能状态有较强的实用性和针对性，但需结合项目的特点和训练实际，加强监控和调控，进行综合分析；中长跑赛前训练安排应以专项素质为主，突出速度和速度耐力的训练，速度力量在中长跑项目赛前训练要给予重视，负荷的安排是赛前训练的关键。     

高校高水平运动队教练领导行为与团队凝聚力模型构建

通过对高校高水平运动队的问卷调查,分析我国高校高水平运动队教练领导行为、训练比赛满意感与团队凝聚力之间的关系,构建教练领导行为与团队凝聚力之间的模型,为进一步推动我国高校高水平运动队的建设提供一定的参考.     

功能性训练:释义与应用

功能训练起源于康复领域,在有效性得到证实后逐步渗透到竞技体育领域,成为体能训练的重要方法。近年来,我国教练员试图将功能性训练用于竞技体育训练,遇到理论上的困惑。研究功能性训练的科学背景、概念界定和内涵、功能训练原则,理清功能性训练和传统训练,功能性训练和核心训练的关系,为我国现代体能训练方法体系科学化奠定基础。     

论运动训练学的逻辑起点与理论体系

随着相关学科的不断发展,运动训练学的内容日趋完善并在实践中起到越来越重要的作用。通过文献收集与分析、逻辑推理等方法,提出运动训练学的逻辑起点是身体训练,而当前的理论体系尚不完善,仍需不断改进。     

Objective and subjective methods for quantifying training load in wheelchair basketball small-sided games

The aim of the present study was to analyse the training load in wheelchair basketball small-sided games and determine the relationship between heart rate (HR)-based training load and perceived exertion (RPE)-based training load methods among small-sided games bouts. HR-based measurements of training load included Edwards’ training load and Stagno’s training impulses (TRIMP_MOD) while RPE-based training load measurements included cardiopulmonary (session RPEres) and muscular (session RPEmus) values. Data were collected from 12 wheelchair basketball players during five consecutive weeks. The total load for the small-sided games sessions was 67.5 ± 6.7 and 55.3 ± 12.5 AU in HR-based training load (Edwards’ training load and TRIMP_MOD), while the RPE-based training loads were 99.3 ± 26.9 (session RPEres) and 100.8 ± 31.2 AU (session RPEmus). Bout-to-bout analysis identified greater session RPEmus in the third [P < 0.05; effect size (ES) = 0.66, moderate] and fourth bouts (P < 0.05; ES = 0.64, moderate) than in the first bout, but other measures did not differ. Mean correlations indicated a trivial and small relationship among HR-based and RPE-based training loads. It is suggested that HR-based and RPE-based training loads provide different information, but these two methods could be complementary because one method could help us to understand the limitations of the other.     

Light-load maximal lifting velocity full squat training program improves important physical and skill characteristics in futsal players

This study aimed to compare the effect of 6 weeks of resistance training or combined resistance training and change of direction exercises on physical performance and motor skills in futsal players. Thirty-four futsal players were divided into full squat group (SG, n = 12), combined full squat and change of direction exercises group (S+CDG, n = 12) and control group (CG, n = 10). The resistance training for SG consisted of full squat with low load (~45–58% 1RM) and low volume (4–6 repetitions), whereas the S+CDG performed the same resistance training program combined with loaded change of direction. Sprint time in 10 and 20 m, change of direction test, countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) height, maximal strength and force–velocity relationship in full squat exercise, kicking speed ball (BS_mean) and repeated sprint ability (RSA_mean) were selected as testing variables. Both experimental groups showed significant improvements for CMJ, BS_mean and all strength parameters. Only SG resulted in significant sprint gains, whereas S+CDG also achieved significant improvements in RSA_mean. The CG remained unchanged after training period. No significant differences were found between both experimental groups. These findings suggest that only 12 sessions of either lightweight resistance training alone, lifting the load at maximal intended velocity or combined with change of direction exercises is enough to improve several physical and skills capacities critical to futsal performance in adult players.     

“互联网＋”与体育教育专业人才培养方式的整合

信息化浪潮的兴起,为高校体育教育专业人才培养方式的变革带来新思路.针对当前高校体育教育专业人才培养过程中出现的教育同质化现象突出、培养理念更新慢、培养目标定位模糊、课程设置不够精准以及网络课程平台开发不足等问题,提出运用互联网思维,创新人才培养思路;挖掘大数据资源,科学定位培养目标;加强网络课程平台建设,打造体育教育专业网络课程体系;关注学生学习方式的变革,引导学生建构系统的知识体系等措施,在新的时代背景下推动高校体育教育专业人才培养与互联网技术的深度融合.