优秀外语学习者的心理特征及其意义

本文试图从学习者个别差异的角度出发 ,着重分析优秀学习者的心理素质 ,从中找出学好外语的必备条件和素质 ,为外语教学设计中对学习者心理特征分析 ,外语教学过程中激发学生的积极参与 ,和有效指导、激励学生获得良好的外语学习效果提供启示     

气候干旱经历对干旱信息加工的影响

2010-2012年连续3年春季至夏季的干旱,让有着绿色王国之称的云南成为了缺水地区之一.生活在干旱缺水的压力下,那些与人们自身密切相关的干旱信息是否更易对人的情绪产生影响？采用“状态—特质焦虑量表”中的“特质焦虑问卷”,在有着干旱经历的昆明大学生中筛选76名被试,将其分为高特质焦虑组和低特质焦虑组,考察在不同干旱信息类型下,特质焦虑对干旱信息加工的影响.研究发现：干旱信息是否与自身相关对被试的反应时间有显著影响;干旱信息是否与自身相关与词语性质2个变量间存在交互作用,即干旱信息与自身关系越密切,加工速度越快;特质焦虑水平不同的被试,在干旱有关信息的加工上不存在差异.     

文化特性与仫佬族文化资源开发探究

文化具有经济性、资源性、财富性等属性,其中经济性是其本质属性。仫佬族文化资源丰富,但其经济性没能实现良好的转化,财富性没能有效发挥出来,应寻找好突破点,大力实施文化战略,按不同类型的资源特点,有的放矢的实现其财富的转化。     

“微时代”大学生思想政治教育面临的挑战与对策

以微博、微信为主要推动力的“微时代”已经来临,影响着现代社会的方方面面。青年大学生作为使用“微媒体”的主力军,在思想行为上呈现出一些新的变化和特点,对高校思想政治教育工作提出了新的挑战。准确把握“微时代”发展趋势及给大学生群体带来的影响和变化,积极探讨思想政治教育应对之策,是当前高校思想政治教育工作者面临的现实而紧迫的课题。     

Old and exciting? Sport sponsorship effects on brand age and brand personality

Brand managers often use sport sponsorship to position a brand in terms of human-like personality traits (e.g., exciting or sophisticated) and demographic characteristics (e.g., young or masculine). Yet, little is known why, how, and under which conditions such associations transfer from a sport property to a sponsor brand. The present study introduces spontaneous trait transference as a mechanism and explicates that its properties can account for such associative transfer effects in typical sport sponsorship contexts with unintentional exposure and limited control. Two experiments show that, consistent with spontaneous trait transference predictions, (a) sport sponsorship transfers only the sponsored sports’ focal traits (but no general evaluative halo) to the sponsors, (b) spontaneous trait transfer occurs for both sport personality and age traits largely independent from each other, and (c) transfer effects occur for unfamiliar brands, but also (to a lesser extent) for familiar brands. Practical implications of these findings for the selection of sponsorship properties, the design of sponsorship communication, and for targeting specific consumer segments with appropriate sponsorships are discussed.     

现代犬儒主义思想及其负面影响

犬儒主义从产生到发展经历了很长一段时期,主要思想发生了较大变化。在现代社会中,作为一种贫困哲学流派的犬儒主义已经不复存在,但存在一种作为人生态度、处世之道的犬儒主义思想。作为一种消极的思想状态,现代犬儒主义无论对个人还是对社会都有较大的负面影响。     

贾宝玉性格中的女性主义意识分析

通过对《红楼梦》中贾宝玉性格的三个方面——对待女性的基本态度、对待“男性”和“女性”的两性观点以及对“情”的体验和感悟——层层深入的性格层面的分析，揭示了《红楼梦》中所蕴涵的反对封建父权制文化的女性主义意识。     

The relationships among sex,gender identity factors,and career-decision-situation-specified personality traits

The present study revealed that gender identity involved the integration of various gender identity factors as suggested by Spence (1993) and that career-decision-situation-specified personality variables could be classified into higher order personality trait dimensions as suggested by Tellegen (1985). The results also indicate that the pattern of the relationships found in this study among masculine personality traits, feminine personality traits, and careerdecision-situation-specified personality variables reflecting higher-order personality trait dimensions of Tellegen’s (1985) model was similar to that of the relationships among masculine personality traits, feminine personality traits, and general personality traits reflecting higher-order personality trait dimensions in Lubinsky, Tellegen, and Butcher’s (1981, 1983) studies. Multiple regression analyses showed that the addition of a gender identity role attitude factor and a gender identity behavioral interest factor to sex and a gender identity personality trait factor did not improve significantly the prediction of the career-decision-situation-specified personality variables.     

Meta‐evaluation in clinical anatomy: A practical application of item response theory in multiple choice examinations

The nature of anatomy education has changed substantially in recent decades, though the traditional multiple‐choice written examination remains the cornerstone of assessing students' knowledge. This study sought to measure the quality of a clinical anatomy multiple‐choice final examination using item response theory (IRT) models. One hundred seventy‐six students took a multiple‐choice clinical anatomy examination. One‐ and two‐parameter IRT models (difficulty and discrimination parameters) were used to assess item quality. The two‐parameter IRT model demonstrated a wide range in item difficulty, with a median of ?1.0 and range from ?2.0 to 0.0 (25th to 75th percentile). Similar results were seen for discrimination (median 0.6; range 0.4–0.8). The test information curve achieved maximum discrimination for an ability level one standard deviation below the average. There were 15 items with standardized loading less than 0.3, which was due to several factors: two items had two correct responses, one was not well constructed, two were too easy, and the others revealed a lack of detailed knowledge by students. The test used in this study was more effective in discriminating students of lower ability than those of higher ability. Overall, the quality of the examination in clinical anatomy was confirmed by the IRT models. Anat Sci Educ 3:17–24, 2010. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.     

Towards a model for the assessment of student boredom and boredom proneness in the UK higher education context

Recently identified as an academic ‘achievement emotion’, boredom has long been implicated as a factor contributing adversely to student attainment across a diverse range of formal educational settings. Despite this, the study of boredom, particularly among students in higher education, remains a relatively neglected and underdeveloped field. In this article, and following a systematic review of the research literature, we present details of a new research instrument and diagnostic tool derived from Farmer and Sundberg’s Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS), specifically intended to assess or measure the recurring propensity or habitual disposition of students to becoming bored particularly within the UK higher education context (e.g. further education, university college and university provision). Referred to here as the BPS-UKHE, to distinguish it from its predecessor, the statistical validity and reliability as well as educational relevance and meaningfulness of the BPS-UKHE is established, confirming its multidimensional nature with subscales (Tedium, Time, Challenge, Concentration and Patience) reflecting boredom’s acknowledged cognitive, affective, motivational and behavioural components. Full-scale, five-factor and three-factor ‘short-form’ solutions are offered, the immediate utility of which in identifying students more prone to boredom than others and gauging emotional response is demonstrated. The BPS-UKHE has application in many areas and is considered a valuable tool in relation to the UK student engagement agenda, its scales and potential, as well as theoretical underpinning, available for empirical use and critical comment.