Preparation time influences ankle and knee joint control during dynamic change of direction movements

The influence of preparation time on ankle joint biomechanics during highly dynamic movements is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of limited preparation time on ankle joint loading during highly dynamic run-and-cut movements. Thirteen male basketball players performed 45°-sidestep-cutting and 180°-turning manoeuvres in reaction to light signals which appeared during the approach run. Both movements were executed under (1) an easy condition, in which the light signal appeared very early, (2) a medium condition and (3) a hard condition with very little time to prepare the movements. Maximum ankle inversion angles, moments and velocities during ground contact, as well as EMG signals of three lower extremity muscles, were analysed. In 180°-turning movements, reduced preparation time led to significantly increased maximum ankle inversion velocities. Muscular activation levels, however, did not change. Increased inversion velocities, without accompanying changes in muscular activation, may have the potential to destabilise the ankle joint when less preparation time is available. This may result in a higher injury risk during turning movements and should therefore be considered in ankle injury research and the aetiology of ankle sprains.     

基于车辆自动定位系统数据的地面公共交通运行时间可靠性分析(英文)

为了给公交线路车辆调度提供重要参数及给公交运营管理和居民公交出行提供决策依据,应用车辆自动定位系统数据对公共交通运行时间可靠性进行了分析. 基于对公共交通运行时间的统计分析,提出变异系数、分布宽度、运行速度、堵率、规划时间、预留时间等 6 个指标,构建了公共交通运行时间可靠性评价分析框架. 苏州市某公交线路实例分析结果表明,所提出的评价指标体系简单直观,能有效反映该线路公交车辆运行的效率和稳定性,且公共交通运行时间可靠性具有随不同时段变化的特征.     

Ⅱ型单线图体育动作神态的表现技巧

体育动作简图，是《体育绘图》课程“三大图”主要内容之一，是记录运动人体形态最简便的方法，运用Ⅱ型单线画的人体动作简图，结构简单，线条清晰，形体美观而生动、形象、逼真，不仅速度快，清楚明了，帮助记忆，经久不忘，而且还能巧妙的表现出运动人体特有的神韵，同样具有艺术的魅力。     

基于事故特征的城市轨道交通运营安全管理教学探究

近年来,我国城市轨道交通发展的重心已经从基础设施建设转变为运营管理,城市轨道交通运营安全管理的重要作用日益凸显。定位于应用型本科教育,基于城市轨道交通运营安全事故特征的分析,从凸显课程思政、优化教学内容、丰富教学资源和优化教学效果评价四个方面,探讨城市轨道交通运营安全管理教育教学的改革措施。     

Eye-movement parameters and reading speed

This study addressed the relationship between four eyemovement parameters and reading speed of 20twelve-year-old children during silent and oralreading. The results indicated that each of theparameters correlated significantly with speed ofsilent reading. In fact, reading speed could bepredicted by the following variables: recognitionspan, average fixation duration, and number ofregressive saccades. Moreover, the relationshipbetween silent and oral reading speed, on one hand,and between reading fluency and reading errors in oralreading speed, on the other, was examined. The resultsindicated that in terms of reading speed, significantinterrelationships existed between silent and oralreading. Furthermore, fluency and errors wereintercorrelated phenomena, but only fluency wassubstantially related to oral reading speed.     

Influence of eye movements,auditory perception,and phonemic awareness in the reading process

The authors' aim was to analyze the relationship of eye movements, auditory perception, and phonemic awareness with the reading process. The instruments used were the King-Devick Test (saccade eye movements), the PAF test (auditory perception), the PFC (phonemic awareness), the PROLEC-R (lexical process), the Canals reading speed test, and the ACL-1 (reading comprehension). The sample was composed of 52 first-year primary school pupils. After the correlational analysis, results indicate that all of these factors correlate in reading (lexical process, speed, and word comprehension). Moreover, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test reveals that children with saccade eye movements and auditory perception problems obtain lower reading levels. In addition, children with lexical problems obtain a lower level of phonemic awareness. Given the importance of these variables, the authors conclude with a proposal of neuropsychological activities to improve reading skills.     

What makes a skilled writer? Working memory and audience awareness during text composition

This study investigated the role of working memory capacity as a factor for individual differences in the ability to compose a text with communicative efficiency based on audience awareness. We analyzed its differential effects on the dynamics of the writing processes, as well as on the content of the finished product. Twenty-five graduate students composed a procedural text explaining how to assemble a model turbine. They were free to consult a documentary source, featuring captioned pictures of turbine parts and assembly steps, at any time. Graphomotor and eye movements were recorded using ‘Eye and Pen’ software with an eye-tracker and digitizing tablet. Results showed that high WM capacity writers used a different strategy to explore the visual source, making longer writing pauses and producing more detailed procedures, and achieved the communicative goal more efficiently, by introducing more reader supports. In conclusion, we discuss the feasibility of audience awareness training.     

抗日战争时期国统区民主宪政运动述评

抗日战争时期,在争取民族独立、追求民主进步的双重目标之下,国统区民主宪政运动几度勃兴.中间党派和无党派民主人士是国统区民主宪政运动的鼓动者和组织者,民族工商业者和青年学生是民主宪政运动的积极支持者和参加者.中国共产党提出的新民主主义宪政思想则代表了民主宪政运动的正确方向.     

当今世界男子鞍马成套加分动作结构编排特征与发展趋向

依据第28届奥运会体操比赛实况录像及2005年国际男子体操新评分规则变化的相关信息，采用调研访问法、录像统计法和文献资料法，分析世界男子鞍马成套加分动作结构编排的特征及发展趋向。采用纵向移位动作为主体，以多个高难动作的直接连接构成加分主干，并结合D组难度的下法，是鞍马成套动作结构编排的主要特征；而使用“D＋E”难度以上的多个动作“直接”和发展新“Flops规则”内容的单环高难度动作，将是未来大赛鞍马成套加分动作竞争的新内容。     

竞技健美操成套动作编排设计的发展趋势及对策研究

通过现场观看比赛和录像观察,对第9届世界健美操锦标赛中我国优秀选手及冠军选手的成套动作编排设计进行定量统计分析,试图找到竞技健美操成套动作编排设计的发展趋势并提出相应对策,旨在对我国竞技健美操发展提供参考。