Influence of eye movements,auditory perception,and phonemic awareness in the reading process

The authors' aim was to analyze the relationship of eye movements, auditory perception, and phonemic awareness with the reading process. The instruments used were the King-Devick Test (saccade eye movements), the PAF test (auditory perception), the PFC (phonemic awareness), the PROLEC-R (lexical process), the Canals reading speed test, and the ACL-1 (reading comprehension). The sample was composed of 52 first-year primary school pupils. After the correlational analysis, results indicate that all of these factors correlate in reading (lexical process, speed, and word comprehension). Moreover, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test reveals that children with saccade eye movements and auditory perception problems obtain lower reading levels. In addition, children with lexical problems obtain a lower level of phonemic awareness. Given the importance of these variables, the authors conclude with a proposal of neuropsychological activities to improve reading skills.     

Eye-movement parameters and reading speed

This study addressed the relationship between four eyemovement parameters and reading speed of 20twelve-year-old children during silent and oralreading. The results indicated that each of theparameters correlated significantly with speed ofsilent reading. In fact, reading speed could bepredicted by the following variables: recognitionspan, average fixation duration, and number ofregressive saccades. Moreover, the relationshipbetween silent and oral reading speed, on one hand,and between reading fluency and reading errors in oralreading speed, on the other, was examined. The resultsindicated that in terms of reading speed, significantinterrelationships existed between silent and oralreading. Furthermore, fluency and errors wereintercorrelated phenomena, but only fluency wassubstantially related to oral reading speed.     

Ⅱ型单线图体育动作神态的表现技巧

体育动作简图，是《体育绘图》课程“三大图”主要内容之一，是记录运动人体形态最简便的方法，运用Ⅱ型单线画的人体动作简图，结构简单，线条清晰，形体美观而生动、形象、逼真，不仅速度快，清楚明了，帮助记忆，经久不忘，而且还能巧妙的表现出运动人体特有的神韵，同样具有艺术的魅力。     

要重视数学教学中旧知识的负迁移

本文用大量的具体实例说明了学生在学习数学的过程中,旧知识的负迁移产生的原因及对学习的负面影响,同时提出了防止负迁移的几种具体方法。     

What makes a skilled writer? Working memory and audience awareness during text composition

This study investigated the role of working memory capacity as a factor for individual differences in the ability to compose a text with communicative efficiency based on audience awareness. We analyzed its differential effects on the dynamics of the writing processes, as well as on the content of the finished product. Twenty-five graduate students composed a procedural text explaining how to assemble a model turbine. They were free to consult a documentary source, featuring captioned pictures of turbine parts and assembly steps, at any time. Graphomotor and eye movements were recorded using ‘Eye and Pen’ software with an eye-tracker and digitizing tablet. Results showed that high WM capacity writers used a different strategy to explore the visual source, making longer writing pauses and producing more detailed procedures, and achieved the communicative goal more efficiently, by introducing more reader supports. In conclusion, we discuss the feasibility of audience awareness training.     

基于车辆自动定位系统数据的地面公共交通运行时间可靠性分析(英文)

为了给公交线路车辆调度提供重要参数及给公交运营管理和居民公交出行提供决策依据,应用车辆自动定位系统数据对公共交通运行时间可靠性进行了分析. 基于对公共交通运行时间的统计分析,提出变异系数、分布宽度、运行速度、堵率、规划时间、预留时间等 6 个指标,构建了公共交通运行时间可靠性评价分析框架. 苏州市某公交线路实例分析结果表明,所提出的评价指标体系简单直观,能有效反映该线路公交车辆运行的效率和稳定性,且公共交通运行时间可靠性具有随不同时段变化的特征.     

条件价值评估法在上海城市轨道交通社会效益评估中的应用研究

城市轨道交通社会效益包括有形效益和无形效益,其无形效益的估算难以用市场评价法来定量化。但运用条件价值评估法(CVM)对上海城市轨道交通的社会效益进行评估,并利用计量经济学检验法检验评估结果的有效性,是对城市轨道交通社会效益的合理量化的一种新尝试。由于CVM能评估资源的总经济价值,可弥补市场评估方法时难以量化的无形效益计算的不足,因此,这一方法具有较大的应用价值。     

城市公交换乘最佳路径选择的模型和算法

换乘是公共交通中常见的问题．为在公交换乘中选择最佳路径,建立了多目标选择的公交换乘最佳路径算法．其核心是通过建立线路关系矩阵,找到起始站点到目的站点3次换乘之内的所有换乘方案,根据优先考虑的目标从所有方案中选出最佳路径,并同时考虑发车频率、各站间行驶时间和距离、转乘车行走的时间和距离、交通费用等实际因素．最后用一算例验证了该算法的有效性和合理性．     

对110m栏跨栏步新型技术特点及其重要性的分析

通过多年的实际训练经验和实地观察国内外优秀高栏运动员比赛、训练时的技术特点，井在查阅大量技术资料和对优秀高栏运动员的技术图片进行分析后，阐述了合理的跨栏步技术以及腿臂配合的过程、方位、时机及其力学结构，从而以有力的论据说明了现代高栏跨栏步的新型技术特点及重要性。