The noticing of physical education teachers: a comparison of groups with different expertise

Background: Teachers’ important diagnostic abilities include noticing and interpreting students’ behaviors and learning processes. By focusing on noticing, I refer to the theoretical framework of professional vision. Professional vision includes the ability to notice what is occurring in complex classroom situations (selective attention) and the ability to give these events meaningful importance (knowledge-based reasoning).

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the noticing differences of groups with different expertise while they observe students’ activities in gym class.

Participants and setting: Sixty participants with different sport-specific and pedagogical expertise were asked to describe and interpret videotaped teaching sequences. Observational data were obtained from physical education classes. The focus was on motoric and social learning processes.

Research design: The groups were compared in a four-field design according to their observations and interpretations of students’ activities in gym class.

Data collection: The teaching sequences function as stimuli to activate selective attention and knowledge-based reasoning. The participants were questioned in guided interviews.

Data analysis: The participants’ comments were recorded, transcribed and analyzed based on qualitative content analysis. The analysis was performed with the software program MaxQDA. The comments were subsequently exported to the software program SPSS 20 for further analysis.

Results: By comparing groups with different sport-specific and pedagogical expertise, this study reveals new observation foci when people exclusively monitor students’ behaviors, not teachers’ behaviors, in authentic teaching situation along with different observation foci based on expertise.

Conclusions: The findings indicate that noticing is a characteristic of professionalization that should be given greater consideration in physical education teacher education (PETE) programs. Special observations tasks (e.g. focusing on social processes) and supplemental theoretical materials for specific issues in PETE programs that use video recordings could help improve learning to notice.     

浅谈体育教师的素质

在教师职业专业化的过程中,教师的专业素质受到人们广泛的关注。体育教师的素质对学校体育的教育质量有着重要的影响,提出了专业化体育教师应具备的专业素质,并结合中国实际提出了体育教师专业素质实现的对策。     

师范教育的转型与教师教育发展

师范教育的转型作为我国教师教育的又一次重大变革,其从根本上、制度上进行转型已成为历史的必然。师范教育转型从教育制度变革的层面来看,其功能主要体现为教师教育一体化、教师教育开放化、教师职业专业化。探索师范教育发展路径,应着重解决以下问题:更新教育观念、确定培养模式、优化课程结构、加强师资队伍建设。     

教师继续教育课程队伍专业化建设的思考

教师继续教育课程质量建设是影响教师继续教育质量的关键因素;全面提高教师继续教育课程建设的质量,加强课程队伍的专业化建设是必然选择;教师继续教育课程队伍是指教师继续教育课程的决策者、设计者和实施者;教师继续教育课程队伍专业化必须从思想、组织、制度等方面综合建设。     

专业化视野中的体育教练员继续教育

从专业化角度对体育教练员继续教育在专业化进程中的作用、体育教练员继续教育存在的问题及对策进行研究。认为体育教练员专业化与继续教育有着密不可分的关系,高效的继续教育是不断提高体育教练员专业化水平的保证。揭示目前我国体育教练员继续教育存在的主要问题及原因,提出相应的策略。即确立人本化培训目标,树立专业意识,加强师资队伍建设,完善法律、法规等。     

对篮球运动的“一条龙”训练设想

随着篮球运动深入改革,其发展方向必然要向职业化或大企业化迈进。高层次的发展,必然需要大量的高水平的后备力量来保证其发展的质量和水准,这种需要与我国篮坛缺乏高水平的人材后备现状形成了鲜明的反差。通过与篮坛强国人材培养输送体制进行比较、分析,本文认为要想尽快消除这种反差,“一条龙”体制是一条有力的途径,并提出了一些实施建议和设想。     

Declaring the Value of Truth

As fake news has become a growing concern since the 2016 U.S. presidential election, attention to journalism history offers a useful means for rediscovering strategies for both fighting fake news and shoring up journalism’s commitment to the truth. This article argues that truth’s value emerges from the conditions under which journalism is produced, both commercial and cultural. Looking at arguments about fake news published in news reports, columns, letters to editors, and advertisements in major metropolitan papers between 1891 and 1919, we recover the particular ways journalists came to define the problem of fake news, arguing that its emergence as a discursive object offered opportunities for conceiving of and articulating practicable responses across the industry. For contemporary practitioners, scholars, and commentators alike, this means that clearly defining and responding to the problem of fake news in ways that are both critical and contextual offer a means for recovering agency in the face of this crisis.     

中国职业网球的困境及发展趋势

通过分析网球职业化进程中面临的困难,提出未来中国职业网球的发展趋势:网球人才培养方式的社会化;国内职业赛事的运作方式和经营理念得以转变;男子职业网球将得到进一步发展;项目发展重点将由双打逐渐转向单打;运动员的参赛、选赛将逐渐与国际接轨;运动员奖励机制进一步健全和完善.     

“专业化发展”理念下的澳大利亚教育智库建设———以澳大利亚教育研究委员会为例

1930年成立的澳大利亚教育研究委员会（ACER）是澳大利亚国家级层面最具影响力的教育智库,工作范围主要包括提供测评服务,开展教学研究,开展教育的社会基础研究,提供社会服务。该委员会的特点主要为服务水准专业化,机构运行独立化,辐射范围国际化,研究过程长期性。80多年来,该委员会以高水准、专业化的教育研究,在全国教育改革和政策的制定中发挥了重要作用,值得我国教育智库加以借鉴。     

Towards the Liberal Model

Despite the current insecurity within the journalistic profession, there is still some common ground uniting news workers: a shared perception of the role of journalism in Western societies—a social agreement between journalists, media owners and audiences as to what is good journalism. Research has shown that this role rests heavily upon notions of journalists as watchdogs of democracy, and sometimes as pedagogues and interpreters of complex events. However, this role is not static in any sense; it changes along with the news industry and the surrounding society. The question is, how? This article addresses this question by examining the case of Swedish journalists. Empirical support is drawn from the Swedish Journalist Survey, which has been conducted on five occasions between 1989 and 2011, thus providing a unique opportunity to follow changes to a journalistic community over time. The results indicate the far-reaching adaptability of Swedish journalists to new conditions; a liberalization of ideals, such that ideals of objectivity and neutrality are strengthening at a rather quick pace. However, the results also show how they close ranks behind the watchdog ideal, which could be interpreted as an act of resistance.