非双语环境下儿童英语教育若干问题研究

基于国内儿童等低龄人群体英语教育非双语性的事实,结合国内外儿童英语教育理论和国内教学实际,探讨现阶段儿童英语学习的最佳时机和我国非双语环境下儿童英语教育应该加以研究的几个问题。儿童作为我国未来的主人,是构成我国低龄人口的主体,语言学习又是低龄人群体的主要任务。因此,研究儿童外语教育是对我国低龄人群体语言研究的一个方面。     

Secondary School Teachers’ Perception of Corporal Punishment: A Case Study in India

This article examines secondary school teachers’ perceptions of corporal punishment in India. Although it has been banned in Indian schools, various types of corporal punishment are still used by teachers. It has been mainly used as a mechanism for controlling disciplinary problems in schools. Based on a pilot study of 160 secondary teachers, the result of the research reveals that teachers still perceive corporal punishment as an effective method of controlling indiscipline in class. However, some teachers state that corporal punishment is ineffective in deterring students from misbehaving. Corporal punishment is not a good method to maintain discipline. Adopting harsh methods indicates a lack of proper training in managing students in a classroom situation and a poor understanding by the teachers of students’ mental states. An awareness program for secondary school teachers about the effects of corporal punishment on children is needed. The solution is proper training for teachers and student-teachers in the use of counseling to manage behavioral problem. Also full-time counselors can be appointed in schools.     

University students’ understanding of the concepts empirical,theoretical, qualitative and quantitative research

University research education in many disciplines is frequently confronted by problems with students’ weak level of understanding of research concepts. A mind map technique was used to investigate how students understand central methodological concepts of empirical, theoretical, qualitative and quantitative. The main hypothesis was that some students have a confused conception of empirical. The mind maps revealed that in the beginning of the course, 75% of the students hold a problematic conception of research, and after the half year course, still half of the participated students had problems with expressing a scientifically sound conception of research. In addition to general undevelopedness of the maps, a severe confused conception of drawing a link from empirical to qualitative or quantitative, but not to both, was found. This finding indicates that some students have problems with understanding the very basic and central concept of empirical.     

Some sources for the history of the teaching of science in England

ABSTRACT

The number of International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) schools has increased rapidly in China in recent years. However, access to schools offering the IBDP remains restricted to a relatively elite minority of China’s population due to enrolment barriers for Chinese nationals and relatively high school fees. An implication is that students potentially remain in physical, cultural and socio-economic isolation from host communities. Within this context, this study explored how, and the extent to which, two core components of the IBDP – namely, the Learner Profile and Creativity, Action, Service – help foster inter-cultural understanding between students and other communities within Chinese society. To this end, in mid 2013 interview data were gathered from IBDP teachers, IBDP administrators, and IBDP students from five elite IBDP schools in Beijing and Shanghai. Findings revealed a perception that the Learner Profile could provide a strong theoretical appreciation of the norms and values of other cultures, while Creativity, Action, Service could break down physical divides by offering students an opportunity to interact with people of different cultures and socio-economic groups. Nevertheless, interviewees also noted tensions with the implementation of these components in the context of results-oriented elite IBDP schools in China.     

Teaching social perspective taking: how educators might learn from the Army

Frequently and accurately discerning others’ thoughts and feelings is associated with multiple valued educational outcomes across an array of settings. Despite its foundational role in social interactions, it is unclear whether individuals can be taught to improve their social perspective taking capacities. This experiment assesses whether a curriculum taught to US Army personnel (N?=?116) improved their social perspective taking prior to deployment. Results showed that participants improved their social perspective taking in three ways: through more accurately detecting biases in others, by generating more initial hypotheses to explain others’ behaviours, and by adapting their hypotheses in the face of new evidence. The curriculum did not affect participants’ perspective taking accuracy on a video measure. We discuss these findings with respect to their implications for other learning environments.     

浅谈“为理解的教学模式”对城市社区教育课程教学的启示

本文通过引入哈佛大学教育研究生院"为理解的教学模式"的教学理念和教学实施方式,对城市社区教育课程内容和教学特征等进行分析,提出了"为理解的教学模式"对有效实施社区教育课程教学的几点启示。     

STS视角下的科普理念

STS是科学技术哲学的一个新兴研究领域,提供一种新的科普研究思路,在研究方法上从"内在主义"向"外在主义"导向转化,并促使人们从科学、技术与社会的相互关系进行交叉研究。在这一视角下,文章深刻分析了当代政治、经济、文化和科学技术的基本特征,并提出了与之相适应的科普理念,以期有效提高公民的科学文化素质,推动经济发展和社会进步。     

哲学阐释学视域下的许渊冲唐诗英译

许渊冲英译唐诗常进行再创作,传统翻译研究多认为这是对原文的"不忠实"。然而,理解的历史性、视界融合和效果历史——哲学阐释学的三大原则——为这一翻译现象提供了新的视角。译者对文本的理解是历史性的,因而许渊冲对唐诗带有个人色彩的解读是可以理解和提倡的;要达到视界融合,译者必然要依据个人的主观意识进行再创作;唐诗文本是开放的,意义永不穷尽,效果历史原则自然会引导译者对其进行精益求精的重译。     

作为一种制度安排的文化

文化是一个人类学、哲学及文艺评论等众多学科都会涉及的概念,本文对英文"culture"和中文中的"文化"的词义演化进行把握,并对文化这一范内涵进行了梳理,将文化视为一种由人际间公共的符号、知识和意义所构成的观念体系,即一种重要的非正式制度安排,文化为人们提供了一种认知体系,这种认知体系影响了人们的信念,而人们持有的信念决定了他们所做出的选择,这些选择建构了人类行为的变化。     

圆与切线——多元文化语境下原文与译文的关系

本文作者从本雅明关于原文和译文是"圆与其切线"的比喻出发,分析了从共时的角度看,由于受到源语与译语的特点,原文文本的地位,译者的目的以及读者对象,译入语的文化语境等多种因素的制约,同一原文可有不同的译文;从历时的角度分析,由于文本理解的历史性,读者的期待视域的变化,文学作品的复译有其必然性和积极作用。